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Tradescantia virginiana is often confused with:
Murdannia keisak Flower detail
Plants that fill a similar niche:
Aletris farinosa Aletris farinosa
Penstemon digitalis Flowers
Trillium erectum Flowers

Spider Lily Tradescantia virginiana

Other Common Name(s):

Previously known as:

  • Ephemerum congestum
  • Tradescantia brevicaulis
  • Tradescantia speciosa
Phonetic Spelling
trad-es-KAN-tee-uh vir-jin-ee-AN-uh
This plant has low severity poison characteristics.
See below
Description

Virginia Spiderwort is a clump-forming herbaceous perennial native of Ontario to the east-central and eastern United States. It is found in the Piedmont region of North Carolina. This plant spreads by underground rhizomes forming erect clumps and grows 1.5 to 3 feet tall and 1 to 1.5 feet wide. It can be found in moist prairies, fertile woodlands, open woods, meadows, hillsides, stony bluffs, stream banks, and roadsides. It is a member of the spiderwort family (Commelinaceae). The specific epithet, virginiana, means "of Virginia." 

Virginia spiderwort prefers moist to wet fertile sites but adapts to average garden soils in sun to shade. Provide the plant with additional water during dry periods. Deadheading the faded flowers will encourage a second flowering in the late summer. The plant is winter hardy in zones 4 to 9. It can be propagated by division or seed. 

The leaves are arching, long, narrow, up to 1 foot long, 1-inch wide, dark to olive green, and they fold lengthwise and form a groove. The flowers are blue-violet, 3-petaled, 1-2 inches in diameter, and have yellow stamens. In the spring, the flowers begin to bloom and will appear in the morning and last only for a day. New flowers are produced daily in terminal clusters. This plant only produces a few flowers at a time, and occasionally white flowers can occur. The flowers will continue to bloom from March to early July. Once they have finished blooming, it is best to cut back the stems. The foliage may die back in the heat of the summer but returns in late summer to fall and often reblooms. After flowering, a seed capsule appears and contains tiny brown seeds.

This native species has become threatened by the destruction of its native habitats as well as by collection of these plants in the wild. They are becoming less common in the Carolinas. Gardeners should not collect these plants in the wild. The plants purchased for your landscape should be nursery propagated.

This long-blooming plant would add interest to a native garden, woodland setting, or shade garden. It may be used in naturalized areas. along a stream or pond, in a rain garden or the border of a pollinator garden.

Quick ID Hints:  

  • the central stem is round, smooth, but it may have scattered long hairs where the leaf wraps around the stem
  • linear, dark to olive green leaves, 12 inches long, 1-inch wide, entire margins
  • two leaf-like bracts up to 6-inches long and 0.5 inches aide
  • blue-violet, 3-petaled flower with 6 yellow stamens, spidery violet hairs

Insects, Diseases, and Other Plant Problems:  The Virginia spiderwort does not have any serious insect or disease issues. Snails can sometimes damage the new growth. By summer, the foliage has a sprawling habit and is less attractive. This species can spread easily by seed and may need to be controlled. 

The Virginia spiderwort is reportedly both edible and poisonous. Most species of Tradescantia are mildly toxic to humans and pets, if ingested. They also tend to cause skin irritation upon contact. Exercise caution before eating any part of a wild plant and wear protective glove when handling this plant. 

 

 

 

More information on Tradescantia.

See this plant in the following landscapes:
Dry Stream Bed Garden in Cabarrus County Crevice Garden at the Guilford County Extension Center Shaded Slope Paths & Walkways Pollinator Garden in Partial Shade
Cultivars / Varieties:
  • 'Sweet Kate'
'Sweet Kate'
Tags:
#fall flowers#white flowers#purple flowers#blue flowers#spring flowers#pond margins#NC native#summer flowers#pollinator plant#native wildflower#food source summer#border front#NC Native Pollinator Plant#food source nectar#food source pollen#Coastal FAC#wet soils tolerant#FACU Piedmont Mountains#HS302#problem for cats#problem for dogs#problem for children#Audubon#contact dermatitis#Guilford Crevice Garden#poisonous if ingested
 
Cultivars / Varieties:
  • 'Sweet Kate'
'Sweet Kate'
Tags:
#fall flowers#white flowers#purple flowers#blue flowers#spring flowers#pond margins#NC native#summer flowers#pollinator plant#native wildflower#food source summer#border front#NC Native Pollinator Plant#food source nectar#food source pollen#Coastal FAC#wet soils tolerant#FACU Piedmont Mountains#HS302#problem for cats#problem for dogs#problem for children#Audubon#contact dermatitis#Guilford Crevice Garden#poisonous if ingested
  • Attributes:
    Genus:
    Tradescantia
    Species:
    virginiana
    Family:
    commelinaceae
    Uses (Ethnobotany):
    Native Americans used the plant for food and medical purposes.
    Life Cycle:
    Perennial
    Recommended Propagation Strategy:
    Division
    Seed
    Country Or Region Of Origin:
    Ontario to the East Central and the Eastern United States
    Distribution:
    Native: AL, CT, DE, GA, IL, IN, IA, KY, LA, ME, MD, MA, MI, MO, NH, NJ, NY, NC, OH, PA, RI, SC, TN, VT, VA, WV and WI; Cuba and Ontario. Introduced: CA, France, Germany, Great Britain, Italy, Madeira, North Caucasus, and Transcaucasus.
    Wildlife Value:
    Flowers attract bees, bumble bees, and butterflies.
    Play Value:
    Attractive Flowers
    Attracts Pollinators
    Edibility:
    Leaves can be eaten raw mixed in salads. Teas can be made from the plant.
    Dimensions:
    Height: 1 ft. 6 in. - 3 ft. 0 in.
    Width: 1 ft. 0 in. - 1 ft. 6 in.
  • Whole Plant Traits:
    Plant Type:
    Herbaceous Perennial
    Native Plant
    Wildflower
    Habit/Form:
    Arching
    Clumping
    Erect
    Spreading
    Growth Rate:
    Medium
    Maintenance:
    Medium
    Texture:
    Medium
  • Cultural Conditions:
    Light:
    Deep shade (Less than 2 hours to no direct sunlight)
    Full sun (6 or more hours of direct sunlight a day)
    Partial Shade (Direct sunlight only part of the day, 2-6 hours)
    Soil Texture:
    Clay
    High Organic Matter
    Loam (Silt)
    Sand
    Soil pH:
    Neutral (6.0-8.0)
    Soil Drainage:
    Good Drainage
    Moist
    Occasionally Wet
    Available Space To Plant:
    12 inches-3 feet
    NC Region:
    Coastal
    Mountains
    Piedmont
    USDA Plant Hardiness Zone:
    4a, 4b, 5a, 5b, 6a, 6b, 7a, 7b, 8a, 8b, 9a, 9b
  • Fruit:
    Display/Harvest Time:
    Summer
    Fruit Type:
    Capsule
    Fruit Length:
    < 1 inch
    Fruit Width:
    < 1 inch
    Fruit Description:
    The seed capsules measure 4-7 mm long and split open into 3 parts. Each part releases 3 to 6 brown seeds.
  • Flowers:
    Flower Color:
    Blue
    Purple/Lavender
    White
    Flower Inflorescence:
    Cyme
    Flower Value To Gardener:
    Long Bloom Season
    Showy
    Flower Bloom Time:
    Spring
    Summer
    Flower Shape:
    Saucer
    Flower Petals:
    2-3 rays/petals
    Flower Size:
    1-3 inches
    Flower Description:
    The flowers are blue violet, 3-petaled flower, and measure 1 inch in diameter. There are two-leaf-like bract, measuring 6 inches long and 0.5 inches wide. In the center of the bloom, there are 6 yellow stamens and spidery violet hairs. The flowers open in the morning and close in the afternoon. Blooming occurs from March to early July.
  • Leaves:
    Leaf Color:
    Green
    Leaf Type:
    Simple
    Leaf Arrangement:
    Alternate
    Leaf Shape:
    Linear
    Leaf Margin:
    Entire
    Hairs Present:
    No
    Leaf Length:
    > 6 inches
    Leaf Width:
    1-3 inches
    Leaf Description:
    The leaves are dark to olive green, up to 12 inches long, and 1 inch wide, and have smooth margins. The leaf shape is linear but has a wide base and pointed tip.
  • Stem:
    Stem Color:
    Green
    Stem Is Aromatic:
    No
    Stem Cross Section:
    Round
    Stem Surface:
    Smooth (glabrous)
    Stem Description:
    The central stem is round, glabrous, and may be either single or branched. Scattered long hairs may occur where the leaves wrap around the stems.
  • Landscape:
    Landscape Location:
    Meadow
    Naturalized Area
    Pond
    Woodland
    Landscape Theme:
    Native Garden
    Pollinator Garden
    Rain Garden
    Design Feature:
    Border
    Attracts:
    Bees
    Butterflies
    Pollinators
    Resistance To Challenges:
    Black Walnut
    Dry Soil
    Heavy Shade
    Poor Soil
    Wet Soil
    Problems:
    Contact Dermatitis
    Poisonous to Humans
    Problem for Cats
    Problem for Dogs
  • Poisonous to Humans:
    Poison Severity:
    Low
    Poison Symptoms:
    Most species of Tradescantia tend to be mildly toxic to humans and pets, if ingested. They may cause mouth and stomach irritation. Handling the leaves or sap of this plant can cause skin irritation, redness, and itching to both humans and pets.
    Poison Toxic Principle:
    unknown, possibly oxalate crystals
    Causes Contact Dermatitis:
    Yes
    Poison Part:
    Leaves
    Sap/Juice