Spurge Euphorbia

This genus consists of over 2,000 species commonly called spurge. The plants can be annual, biennial, but most are perennial herbs, weeds, shrubs, and small trees. All, however, emit a toxic milky latex when cut with varying degrees of toxicity.

Euphorbias flowers are usually tiny and nondescript although in many species, the bracts around the individual flowers can be showy. Some species can grow quite tall; however, the typical plant attains a height of 18 inches and, in spring, displays clusters of colorful bracts. These bracts should be trimmed off after bloom to maintain a tidy appearance.  Euphorbia can be propagated in the summer with cuttings . In some areas it can become weedy.  All species of spurge have a milky plant sap of low toxicity that can irritate skin or open wounds and can cause nausea or vomiting if other parts of the plant are ingested. If you are attempting to propagate the plant from cuttings, be sure to wear gloves.

While the preferred environment varies among species, most grow best in full sun or bright direct light and appreciate some afternoon shade.  Grow in well-drained soil, preferably a cactus mix.

Quick ID:

• Symmetrical pairs of spines arising from a shield or old flowers (NOT areoles)
• Milky sap
• Flowers are a cyathium; one pistil or stamen and two colored bracts

Diseases, Insects, and Other Plant Problems: No significant problems.

VIDEO Created by Laura Barth for "Houseplants, Succulents, and Cacti", a plant identification course offered in partnership with Longwood Gardens.