Euphorbia pulcherrima

The poinsettia is a deciduous to semi-evergreen shrub in the Euphorbiaceae (spurge) family. The plant is native to Mexico, and was brought to the United States in the early 1800's by Joel Poinsette, who was ambassador to Mexico at the time. The genus name may honor Euphorbus, who was a physician to the King of Mauretania. The species name translates to “beautiful.” In its native habitat, the plant can grow to 10 feet high. However, it is typically grown as a potted plant, where it rarely exceeds 2 to 3 feet.

The plant grows best in part shade at temperatures of 60 degrees or higher. Its water needs are moderate, so do not let the plant dry out, but do not overwater. To maintain the plant in the garden, begin fertilizing in the spring. Prune or pinch back through the summer to promote the main branches and produce the desired fall color. To propagate poinsettias, use stem cuttings in early summer with rooting hormone and potting mix that contains peat moss, perlite, and vermiculite.

The cup-shaped yellow "flowers" bloom during the Christmas season and cluster above showy red, pink, or cream-colored leafy bracts. A large yellow gland on the rim of the "flower" adds to its decorative appeal. The stems and leaves produce a milky sap when cut or torn. The poinsettia holds the largest share of potted plant sales during the Christmas season. 

If kept indoors, provide as much sun as possible during the day. Poinsettia plants have a low severity as far as being poisonous; studies have shown that a significant amount of the plant would have to be ingested before registering a mild stomach ache. However, the white sap can cause reactions in people who have latex allergies.

Insects, Diseases, and Other Plant Problems:  Mealybugs, red spider mites, scale, and whiteflies. Overwatering can cause root and stem rot.  

VIDEO Created by Homegrown featuring Ingram McCall, Research Specialist at NC State University

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