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Dryopteris

Common Name(s):

Phonetic Spelling
dry-OP-ter-iss
Description

Most commonly known as wood ferns, they are members of the polypody family (Polypodiaceae). The native range of this genus is cosmopolitan, found throughout North America and on every continent in the world except Antarctica. Several species are native to North Carolina, including Dryopteris x australis (dixie wood fern), Dryopteris celsa (log fern), Dryopteris intermedia (intermediate fern), Dryopteris ludoviciana (southern woodfern) and Dryopteris marginalis (marginal wood fern).

These ferns love to grow in the shade and make a great addition to woodland gardens. They prefer moist, rich, well-drained woodland soil.  A few species are found in swamps, but most do not require wet habitats.

Quick ID Hints:

  • rachis and costa exhibit continuous grooves on their upper sides
  • indusium is kidney-shaped
  • sori are centrally located on the pinnae
  • stipes have scales

.VIDEO Created by NC State Extension's Homegrown series featuring Mark Weathington, Director of JC Raulston Arboretum.

Profile Video:
See this plant in the following landscape:
Juniper Level Botanic Garden: Sunken Pond Garden
Cultivars / Varieties:
Dryopteris abbreviata, Dryopteris × australis, Dryopteris carthesiana, Dryopteris celsa, Dryopteris cristata, Dryopteris dilatata, Dryopteris erythrosora, Dryopteris filix-mas, Dryopteris goldieana, Dryopteris intermedia, Dryopteris kinkiensis, Dryopteris ludoviciana, Dryopteris marginalis, Dryopteris sieboldii, Dryopteris villarii, Dryopteris wallichiana
Tags:
 
Dryopteris
Form (Warren County,NC) Cathy Dewitt CC BY 4.0
Dryopteris
Full form C T Johansson CC BY 3.0
Dryopteris
Stem and leaf MurielBendel CC BY-SA 4.0
Dryopteris
Leaf detail Walter Siegmund (talk) CC BY-SA 3.0
Leaf Blade
Leaf Blade James Lindsey CC BY-SA 2.5
Form
Form Zeynel Cebeci CC BY-SA 4.0
Leaves
Leaves Vengolis CC BY-SA 3.0
Dryopteris kinkiensis Fiddleheads (Wake County, NC), JLBG
Dryopteris kinkiensis Fiddleheads (Wake County, NC)- Mid Spring, JLBG Cathy DeWitt CC BY 4.0
Upper side of frond showing grooved rachis.
Grooved rachis and costa, typical of the genus, on upper side of the frond. David K Walmer CC BY-NC-SA 4.0
Underside of frond showing sori and overlapping indusia.
Indusia and sori on the lower surface of the leaf. David K Walmer CC BY-NC-SA 4.0
Cultivars / Varieties:
Dryopteris abbreviata, Dryopteris × australis, Dryopteris carthesiana, Dryopteris celsa, Dryopteris cristata, Dryopteris dilatata, Dryopteris erythrosora, Dryopteris filix-mas, Dryopteris goldieana, Dryopteris intermedia, Dryopteris kinkiensis, Dryopteris ludoviciana, Dryopteris marginalis, Dryopteris sieboldii, Dryopteris villarii, Dryopteris wallichiana
Tags:
  • Attributes:
    Genus:
    Dryopteris
    Family:
    Polypodiaceae
    Life Cycle:
    Perennial
    Country Or Region Of Origin:
    Cosmopolitan
    Particularly Resistant To (Insects/Diseases/Other Problems):
    heavy shade, deer
  • Whole Plant Traits:
    Plant Type:
    Fern
    Perennial
    Habit/Form:
    Arching
    Dense
    Oval
    Spreading
    Maintenance:
    Low
    Texture:
    Medium
  • Cultural Conditions:
    Light:
    Deep shade (Less than 2 hours to no direct sunlight)
    Partial Shade (Direct sunlight only part of the day, 2-6 hours)
    Soil Texture:
    High Organic Matter
    Shallow Rocky
    Soil Drainage:
    Good Drainage
    Moist
    NC Region:
    Coastal
    Mountains
    Piedmont
  • Fruit:
    Fruit Description:
    No fruits. This plant reproduces via spores.
  • Flowers:
    Flower Description:
    No flowers.
  • Leaves:
    Leaf Color:
    Green
    Leaf Feel:
    Smooth
    Leaf Value To Gardener:
    Long-lasting
    Leaf Type:
    Compound (Pinnately , Bipinnately, Palmately)
    Fronds
    Leaf Arrangement:
    Opposite
    Leaf Shape:
    Ovate
    Hairs Present:
    No
    Leaf Length:
    > 6 inches
  • Stem:
    Stem Color:
    Brown/Copper
    Stem Is Aromatic:
    No
  • Landscape:
    Landscape Location:
    Woodland
    Landscape Theme:
    Shade Garden
    Design Feature:
    Accent
    Mass Planting
    Small groups
    Attracts:
    Moths
    Resistance To Challenges:
    Deer
    Heavy Shade