Siberian Elm Ulmus pumila
Other Common Name(s):
- Phonetic Spelling
- ULM-us POO-mil-uh
- Description
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The Siberian Elm is a very adaptable deciduous, fast-growing tree that often grows in poor soils and withstands drought. It is resistant to Dutch elm disease and has been used to develop other elms with resistance. It is generally considered a poor ornamental tree, mostly because of its weak branches, messy habit, and susceptibility to insect attack, especially leaf beetles. In some areas, this tree is considered weedy and borderline invasive.
This tree is native to Asia and was introduced in the United States in the 1860s. At that time, it was valued for its hardiness and fast growth. It is used as a windbreak tree. It has been widely planted in Minnesota and can be found along roadsides and grasslands forming dense thickets.
The leaves are doubly serrate, dark green on the upper surface, and light green below. They are oblique or have a larger blade on one side than the other. In the winter, there are large shiny black buds present.
Seasons of Interest:
Buds: Winter Foliage: Summer and Fall
Quick ID Hints:
- 50 to 70 feet in height, 35 to 50 feet wide with a vase-shaped crown
- bark is dark gray in mature trees with silver-gray twigs
- leaves are alternate, simple, doubly serrate, ovate to lanceolate shape, oblique, dark green upper surface, and light green beneath
- drooping clusters of light green to reddish flowers appear in the spring before the leaves develop and are not showy
- fruit is a samara that is winged, rounded, 0.5 to 1-inch in diameter, brown, dry, and hard
- large black shiny buds during the winter
Insects, Diseases, and Other Plant Problems: The leaves are often eaten by the elm leaf beetle. Other problem insects include borers, leaf miners, sawflies, mealy bugs, caterpillars, and scale. It is resistant but not immune to Dutch elm disease and phloem necrosis. It suffers from various wilts, rots, and cankers. It can form large colonies with its copious seed formation and is considered invasive in some states. Consider native alternatives listed in the left-hand column.
VIDEO created by Ryan Contreras for “Landscape Plant Materials I: Deciduous Hardwoods and Conifers or Landscape Plant Materials II: Spring Flowering Trees and Shrubs” a plant identification course offered by the Department of Horticulture at Oregon State University
- Profile Video:
- See this plant in the following landscape:
- Cultivars / Varieties:
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- 'Chinkota'
Seed-produced line of extra cold-hardy trees. - 'Coolshade'
Resistance to limb breakage during storms - 'Improved Coolshade'
Drought tolerant, hardy, resistant to limb breakage - 'Lincoln'
Resistant to Dutch elm disease - 'Morton Plainsman' (Vanguard™)-
Good disease resistance and tolerance of harsh climatic and cultural situations - 'New Horizon' -
Resistance to Dutch elm disease and tolerance of harsh growing conditions - Pendula' -
Branches that show a more weeping habit
- 'Chinkota'
- 'Chinkota', 'Coolshade', 'Improved Coolshade', 'Lincoln', 'Morton Plainsman' (Vanguard™)-, 'New Horizon' -, Pendula' -
- Tags:
- Cultivars / Varieties:
-
- 'Chinkota'
Seed-produced line of extra cold-hardy trees. - 'Coolshade'
Resistance to limb breakage during storms - 'Improved Coolshade'
Drought tolerant, hardy, resistant to limb breakage - 'Lincoln'
Resistant to Dutch elm disease - 'Morton Plainsman' (Vanguard™)-
Good disease resistance and tolerance of harsh climatic and cultural situations - 'New Horizon' -
Resistance to Dutch elm disease and tolerance of harsh growing conditions - Pendula' -
Branches that show a more weeping habit
- 'Chinkota'
- 'Chinkota', 'Coolshade', 'Improved Coolshade', 'Lincoln', 'Morton Plainsman' (Vanguard™)-, 'New Horizon' -, Pendula' -
- Tags:
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Attributes:
- Genus:
- Ulmus
- Species:
- pumila
- Family:
- Ulmaceae
- Life Cycle:
- Woody
- Recommended Propagation Strategy:
- Seed
- Country Or Region Of Origin:
- Asia, Siberia
- Distribution:
- Most of the US, especially in the west and midwest.
- Play Value:
- Wind Break
- Dimensions:
- Height: 50 ft. 0 in. - 70 ft. 0 in.
- Width: 35 ft. 0 in. - 50 ft. 0 in.
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Whole Plant Traits:
- Plant Type:
- Tree
- Woody Plant Leaf Characteristics:
- Deciduous
- Habit/Form:
- Erect
- Vase
- Growth Rate:
- Rapid
- Maintenance:
- High
- Texture:
- Medium
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Cultural Conditions:
- Light:
- Full sun (6 or more hours of direct sunlight a day)
- Soil Texture:
- Clay
- Loam (Silt)
- Sand
- Shallow Rocky
- Soil Drainage:
- Good Drainage
- Occasionally Dry
- Available Space To Plant:
- 24-60 feet
- USDA Plant Hardiness Zone:
- 4a, 4b, 5b, 5a, 6b, 6a, 7b, 7a, 8a, 8b, 9b, 9a
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Fruit:
- Fruit Color:
- Brown/Copper
- Cream/Tan
- Display/Harvest Time:
- Spring
- Fruit Type:
- Samara
- Fruit Length:
- < 1 inch
- Fruit Width:
- < 1 inch
- Fruit Description:
- The fruit is a samara that is winged, round, and contains one seed. It measures 0.5 to 1 inch in diameter. The covering is brown, dry, and hard. They do not attract wildlife and are not showy. The fruits appear in clusters and are spread by the wind.
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Flowers:
- Flower Color:
- Green
- Red/Burgundy
- Flower Inflorescence:
- Insignificant
- Flower Bloom Time:
- Spring
- Flower Description:
- Flowers develop, in drooping clusters, in the spring between March and May. Unlike other Elms, they are perfect flowers and self-pollinate. Their flowers are light green to reddish and appear in small clusters of two to five. They appear before the leaves develop and are not showy.
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Leaves:
- Woody Plant Leaf Characteristics:
- Deciduous
- Leaf Color:
- Green
- Leaf Value To Gardener:
- Showy
- Deciduous Leaf Fall Color:
- Gold/Yellow
- Leaf Type:
- Simple
- Leaf Arrangement:
- Alternate
- Leaf Shape:
- Elliptical
- Lanceolate
- Leaf Margin:
- Doubly Serrate
- Hairs Present:
- No
- Leaf Length:
- 1-3 inches
- Leaf Width:
- < 1 inch
- Leaf Description:
- The leaves are dark green on the upper surface and light green on the lower surface. The margins are doubly serrate. They measure 1 to 3 inches long, are oblique (more leaf blade on one than the other), and are oval to lanceolate in shape. Their fall color is yellow.
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Bark:
- Bark Color:
- Dark Gray
- Light Brown
- Light Gray
- Surface/Attachment:
- Ridges
- Bark Description:
- The bark is a light gray-brown with irregular furrows and is often streaked with stains caused by bacterial wetwood. The bark is dark gray and has shallow grooves on the mature tree.
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Stem:
- Stem Color:
- Gold/Yellow
- Gray/Silver
- Stem Is Aromatic:
- No
- Stem Form:
- Zig Zags
- Stem Surface:
- Smooth (glabrous)
- Stem Description:
- Stems are silver-gray, glabrous, or pubescent, unwinged, without a corky layer, with scattered lenticels, and they have a zig-zag form. The round to oval winter buds is dark brown to red-brown.
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Landscape:
- Resistance To Challenges:
- Drought
- Pollution
- Poor Soil
- Problems:
- Frequent Insect Problems
- Messy
- Weak Wood
- Weedy
