Pinus virginiana

Virginia pine is a needled evergreen tree in the pine family (Pinaceae) and is native to much of the eastern half of the United States. It tends to grow in pure stands rather than in mixed groups and is commonly found in old fields at high elevations in the piedmont and mountain regions. It grows as a broad, open pyramid when young, becoming flat-topped and horizontal with age with no prominent central leader. It has a slow growth rate and is small compared to other pines, growing 40 to 80 ft. tall and 10 to 30 feet wide with a trunk diameter of 8 to 14 inches. 

It grows best in sites with full sun, well-drained soil, and sandy acidic loam, although it grows well even in eroded and poor, dry soils, including clay soils. It is deer resistant and is moderately pollution tolerant for a pine. 

This tree is not particularly ornamental, but foliage can be used in Christmas decorations and the tree itself can be used as a Christmas tree, although it requires selective pruning for shape. Unlike other pines, Virginia pine is not often used for lumber due to its knotty wood and tendency to warp with moisture. However, its long fibers make it great for use as a source of wood pulp.

This plant works well as a specimen plant in woodland landscapes as it has an interesting, scraggly form and numerous persistent cones. It is also suitable for native, nighttime, and winter gardens. The seeds are a food source for many birds.  It is also a host plant for the larvae of the Imperial moth (Eacles imperialis).

Quick ID Hints:

• Pine tree with no central leader

• Needles in twos, twisted, short

• Young twigs glaucous

• Cones small, long persisting on branches

Insects, Diseases, and Other Plant Problems:  This tree is susceptible to wind damage.  Some susceptibility to pitch canker. This plant has numerous pest and disease problems.

VIDEO Created by Homegrown featuring Jeff Owen, Area Extension Forestry Specialist for NC State Extension