Pinus mugo

Pinus mugo is a species of conifer, native to high elevation habitats from southwestern to Central Europe.It is an evergreen gymnosperm shrub that grows 15-10' long and 15-20 spread. Stems are clustered and have no strong central leader.  Mature plants typically exhibit a dense habit, usually growing wider than tall. However, the form/habit is variable, usually low broad spreading and bushy.  Mugo pine is also seen in more prostrate forms as well as in taller trees that will grow to as much as 80’.  There is a tremendous variation in size.  It normally does not produce a tap root so is easy to transplant.  Prune annually in late winter to keep its compact size.  This plant prefers cool summer climates and is generally tolerant of urban conditions. The name is a problem, cited as Pinus mugo subsp. mugo var. mugo f. mugo, with variations of mugo as: muggo, mugoo, mugho, mogu, moghuo, and mojo. It is commonly utilized as a container plant, foundations, and in mass planting. 

This tree is resistant to damage by deer.

Does best in deep, moist, well-drained soil, loam soil in full sun or partial shade but very adaptable to poor soils, clay soils, sandy soils, dry soils and soils of alkaline pH. It is easy to transplant balled-and-burlapped. 

Some issues affecting this plant are pine needle scale and sawflies as well as moths and borers.  It is also susceptible to tip blight, rusts, and rot.

Quick ID Hints:

• Pine shrub with no central leader
• Needles are in twos and are very short

VIDEO Created by Elizabeth Meyer for "Trees, Shrubs and Conifers" a plant identification course offered in partnership with Longwood Gardens.