Pinus mugo

The mugo pine is a species of conifer in the Pinaceae (pine) family and is native to high elevation habitats from southern to central Europe. It is an evergreen gymnosperm shrub that grows 15 to 20 feet tall with a spread of 25 to 30 feet. Form and habit can be quite variable, although it is usually low, broad-spreading, and bushy. Mugo pine can take on a more prostrate form as well as becoming tree-like. 

This plant grows best in deep, moist, well-drained loam in full sun, or partial shade. However, it is very adaptable to poor soils, clay soils, sandy soils, dry soils, and soils of alkaline pH. Mugo pine prefers cool summer climates and is generally tolerant of urban conditions. It normally does not produce a tap root and is, therefore, easy to transplant. Prune annually in late winter to keep its compact size. This tree is resistant to damage by deer.

Although mugo pine is typically used in foundation plantings, it can be showcased as a specimen, used in mass or small groupings, planted along walkways or near ponds, or grown in containers on a patio.  Because this plant support moths and other pollinators it makes an excellent choice for a nighttime or pollinator garden.  Its interesting shape and evergreen needles also makes it work well in a winter or a rock garden.

Quick ID Hints:

• Pine shrub with no central leader
• Needles are in twos and are very short

Insects, Diseases, and Other Plant Problems: Pine needle scale and sawflies, as well as moths and borers may affect the mugo pine. It is also susceptible to tip blight, rusts, and rot. This tree is susceptible to wind damage.  

VIDEO Created by Elizabeth Meyer for "Trees, Shrubs and Conifers" a plant identification course offered in partnership with Longwood Gardens.