Ficus carica

Common fig is a woody, deciduous, multi-stemmed, spreading tree or shrub in the mulberry family (Moraceae). It is native to the Mediterranean to Central Asia and quickly grows to a mature size of 10 to 30 feet tall and wide with a rounded habit. The genus name Ficus means edible fig, and the species epithet carica refers to Caria, a region in southwestern Turkey known for growing figs.

Plant common fig in full sun to partial shade in organically rich, well-drained, moist soil that is neutral to acidic; it does not tolerate alkaline soils. Light pruning each winter may be necessary to maintain an attractive shape. The fruits form on new wood. Mulch roots to maintain moisture and especially in the fall to protect the plant through the winter. Propagate by layering or stem cutting. It produces many suckers, which can form thickets, and cause the plant to become weedy. 

The fruits come in various colors and ripen in late summer or fall. The flowers form inside a cavity inside the fruit and, in North America, the fruit forms without any pollination. The fig fruit is highly edible when consumed fresh, cooked, used in preserves, or dried. Birds and other wildlife also enjoy figs. 

Plant the common fig tree in an edible garden and consider placing it against a south wall to take advantage of radiant heat, or in other protected areas of the landscape especially in zone 7. It grows well in containers, but containers must be overwintered indoors.

Insects, Diseases, and Other Plant Problems: Aphids, scale, root-knot nematodes, spider mites, and mealybugs can cause problems. Blight, leaf spots, and rust occasionally occur. Fruit drop can be messy. In Florida and California, it has become invasive.

VIDEO Created by Elisabeth Meyer for "Vegetables, Herbs, Fruits, and Nuts" a plant identification course offered in partnership with Longwood Gardens.