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Pitch Pine Pinus rigida

Phonetic Spelling
PY-nus RIJ-ih-dah
Description

This plant grows scattered about mountainous regions in North Carolina at elevations as high as 4,500 ft.  It has an open form, irregularly pyramidal when young, and the trunk has a diameter of roughly 1 to 2 ft.  The thick, gnarled branches take on a somewhat pendulous form.  An irregular, globular form with twisting, gnarled, drooping branches.  It has scaly, reddish-brown bark which eventually becomes black.  Its stiff yellow-green needles eventually turn dark green.  They grow in clusters of 3.  

This specimen may bear tufts of needles on the trunk with a broad, rounded or irregular crown of horizontal branches.  

It does best in areas with full sun.  It prefers moist, well-drained soil but will tolerate a wide range of soils including poor, dry and rocky soil.  This tree is salt tolerant and resistant to damage by deer. Although it can be damaged by fire, it will form sprouts from its roots and stumps.

Like many other pine species, Pitch Pine is commonly harvested for lumber, pulp, and other wood products. 

Insect, Diseases, and Other Plant Problems:  This tree is susceptible to wind damage.  

See this plant in the following landscape:
Cultivars / Varieties:
  • 'Little Giant'
    Also known as 'Sherman Eddy'
  • 'Sand Beach'
    Low-growing, prostrate form with denesly born, medium green foliage. Found growing along a beach in Maine.
  • 'Sherman Eddy'
    Slow-growing, dwarf rounded form found in mountains of Pa. Brigh green, long needles. Also called 'Little Giant'
'Little Giant', 'Sand Beach', 'Sherman Eddy'
Tags:
#full sun tolerant#conifer#salt tolerant#NC native#well-drained soil#deer resistant#nighttime garden#lumber#Braham Arboretum#poor soils tolerant#larval host plant#food source fall#food source herbage#bird friendly#dry soils tolerant#food source hard mast fruit#mammals#Piedmont Mountains FACU#Coastal FACU#Audubon#imperial moth#wildlife friendly
 
Cultivars / Varieties:
  • 'Little Giant'
    Also known as 'Sherman Eddy'
  • 'Sand Beach'
    Low-growing, prostrate form with denesly born, medium green foliage. Found growing along a beach in Maine.
  • 'Sherman Eddy'
    Slow-growing, dwarf rounded form found in mountains of Pa. Brigh green, long needles. Also called 'Little Giant'
'Little Giant', 'Sand Beach', 'Sherman Eddy'
Tags:
#full sun tolerant#conifer#salt tolerant#NC native#well-drained soil#deer resistant#nighttime garden#lumber#Braham Arboretum#poor soils tolerant#larval host plant#food source fall#food source herbage#bird friendly#dry soils tolerant#food source hard mast fruit#mammals#Piedmont Mountains FACU#Coastal FACU#Audubon#imperial moth#wildlife friendly
  • Attributes:
    Genus:
    Pinus
    Species:
    rigida
    Family:
    Pinaceae
    Uses (Ethnobotany):
    Lumber and wood pulp. Native Americans used to use pitch as a laxative and turpentine.
    Life Cycle:
    Woody
    Recommended Propagation Strategy:
    Seed
    Country Or Region Of Origin:
    Canada, portions of northeast US
    Distribution:
    Canada west to Minnesota south to Georgia east up to Maine
    Fire Risk Rating:
    medium flammability
    Wildlife Value:
    This plant supports Imperial Moth (Eacles imperialis) larvae which have one brood per season and appear from April-October in the south. Adult Imperial Moths do not feed. In the Appalachia Mountains, wild boar eat the bark and soft outside wood of the roots.
    Particularly Resistant To (Insects/Diseases/Other Problems):
    Heat and drought tolerant.
    Dimensions:
    Height: 40 ft. 0 in. - 60 ft. 0 in.
    Width: 30 ft. 0 in. - 50 ft. 0 in.
  • Whole Plant Traits:
    Plant Type:
    Native Plant
    Tree
    Woody Plant Leaf Characteristics:
    Needled Evergreen
    Habit/Form:
    Open
    Pyramidal
    Growth Rate:
    Medium
    Texture:
    Medium
  • Cultural Conditions:
    Light:
    Full sun (6 or more hours of direct sunlight a day)
    Partial Shade (Direct sunlight only part of the day, 2-6 hours)
    Soil Texture:
    Sand
    Soil pH:
    Acid (<6.0)
    Soil Drainage:
    Good Drainage
    Moist
    Occasionally Dry
    Available Space To Plant:
    24-60 feet
    NC Region:
    Coastal
    Mountains
    Piedmont
    USDA Plant Hardiness Zone:
    4a, 4b, 5a, 5b, 6a, 6b, 7a, 7b
  • Fruit:
    Fruit Color:
    Brown/Copper
    Display/Harvest Time:
    Fall
    Fruit Description:
    Approximately 1 to 3 in. light brown cones in whorls of 3 to 5. The spines on each scale are stiff and curved. After releasing seeds, the cones will stay attached to the three for several years. Fruit displays from September to October.
  • Flowers:
    Flower Bloom Time:
    Spring
    Flower Size:
    3-6 inches
    Flower Description:
    Flowers bloom in May.
  • Leaves:
    Woody Plant Leaf Characteristics:
    Needled Evergreen
    Leaf Color:
    Gold/Yellow
    Green
    Leaf Type:
    Needles
    Simple
    Leaf Arrangement:
    Other/more complex
    Leaf Shape:
    Acicular
    Leaf Margin:
    Serrate
    Hairs Present:
    No
    Leaf Length:
    3-6 inches
    Leaf Width:
    3-6 inches
    Leaf Description:
    3 to 5 in. rigid, twisted dark yellow-green needles in bundles of 3 (3 per fascicle). Three faces of each needle have many thin, white lines of stomata.
  • Bark:
    Bark Color:
    Light Brown
    Red/Burgundy
    Surface/Attachment:
    Furrowed
    Ridges
    Shredding
    Bark Plate Shape:
    Irregular
    Bark Description:
    Thick, yellowish-brown plates. Tufts of needles can be found growing on the trunk. Dark scaly young bark, red-brown or yellow-brown thick flat plated deep furrowed mature bark
  • Stem:
    Stem Color:
    Brown/Copper
    Stem Is Aromatic:
    No
    Stem Description:
    Thick, gnarled, and sometimes pendulous.
  • Landscape:
    Landscape Location:
    Slope/Bank
    Woodland
    Landscape Theme:
    Native Garden
    Nighttime Garden
    Winter Garden
    Attracts:
    Moths
    Small Mammals
    Songbirds
    Resistance To Challenges:
    Deer
    Dry Soil
    Poor Soil
    Salt