John's Cabbage Hydrophyllum virginianum
Other Common Name(s):
- Phonetic Spelling
- hy-droh-FIL-um vir-jin-ee-AY-num
- Description
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Eastern Waterleaf is a tall (1 to 2 feet), upright, herbaceous perennial, wildflower in the waterleaf family that is native to the moist woodlands of eastern Canada and the United States, including the Piedmont and mountains of North Carolina. It spreads by rhizomes and seeds to form large colonies. Blooming occurs in early spring to July with small, white to lilac, bell-shaped flowers in clusters on 4 inch long stalks that attract bees. Lower leaves up to 10 inches long are deeply divided into 5 to 7 sharply and coarsely toothed green leaflets (deep lobes); leaflets on the upper leaves are not as deeply cut. The young leaves of spring have a mottled white pattern, as if the leaf were spotted with water, that later leaves do not have. The genus name is from the Greek hydor meaning water and phyllon meaning leaf in reference to markings on plant leaves. The species name is in reference to Virginia being part of the native territory for this plant.
Eastern Waterleaf prefers fertile, consistently moist, well-drained soil in partial sun to light shade. It will tolerate wet soil and can spread aggressively under ideal conditions. This plant can make a care-free ground cover in shady woodland settings or the margins of ponds or streams. Foliage is occasionally browsed by deer. The plant can be propagated by dividing the rhizome in the fall when the plant is dormant, making sure that each division has a leaf bud and some roots.
Diseases, Insect Pests, and Other Plant Problems: Its aggressive spreading habit does not make this an ideal planting in a small garden.
No known diseases or insect pests.
- See this plant in the following landscape:
- Cultivars / Varieties:
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- Var. atranthum
Purple flowers
- Var. atranthum
- Var. atranthum
- Tags:
- Cultivars / Varieties:
-
- Var. atranthum
Purple flowers
- Var. atranthum
- Var. atranthum
- Tags:
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Attributes:
- Genus:
- Hydrophyllum
- Species:
- virginianum
- Family:
- Hydrophyllaceae
- Uses (Ethnobotany):
- Tea from the roots was used medicinally to stop bleeding and for diarrhea and dysentery. Roots have been used as a mild emetic. Tea or mashed roots were used to treat cracked lips and mouth sores.
- Life Cycle:
- Perennial
- Recommended Propagation Strategy:
- Division
- Seed
- Country Or Region Of Origin:
- Eastern North America
- Distribution:
- AR , CT , DC , DE , IA , IL , IN , KS , KY , MA , MD , MI , MN , MO , NC , ND , NE , NH , NJ , NY , OH , OK , PA , SD , TN , VA , VT , WI , WV
- Wildlife Value:
- Its flowers attract bumblebees, small carpenter bees as well as other long-tongued bees.
- Play Value:
- Attractive Flowers
- Attracts Pollinators
- Edibility:
- Young leaves and shoots are edible and can be added to salads.
- Dimensions:
- Height: 1 ft. 0 in. - 2 ft. 0 in.
- Width: 1 ft. 0 in. - 2 ft. 0 in.
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Whole Plant Traits:
- Plant Type:
- Herbaceous Perennial
- Native Plant
- Perennial
- Woody Plant Leaf Characteristics:
- Deciduous
- Habit/Form:
- Erect
- Spreading
- Growth Rate:
- Rapid
- Maintenance:
- Low
- Texture:
- Medium
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Cultural Conditions:
- Light:
- Dappled Sunlight (Shade through upper canopy all day)
- Partial Shade (Direct sunlight only part of the day, 2-6 hours)
- Soil Texture:
- High Organic Matter
- Loam (Silt)
- Shallow Rocky
- Soil pH:
- Neutral (6.0-8.0)
- Soil Drainage:
- Moist
- Occasionally Dry
- Available Space To Plant:
- 12 inches-3 feet
- NC Region:
- Mountains
- Piedmont
- USDA Plant Hardiness Zone:
- 4a, 4b, 5a, 5b, 6a, 6b, 7a, 8a, 8b
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Fruit:
- Display/Harvest Time:
- Summer
- Fruit Type:
- Capsule
- Fruit Description:
- Each flower is replaced by a rounded seed capsule that splits open to release its seeds in July to August.
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Flowers:
- Flower Color:
- Pink
- Purple/Lavender
- White
- Flower Inflorescence:
- Cyme
- Flower Value To Gardener:
- Showy
- Flower Bloom Time:
- Spring
- Summer
- Flower Shape:
- Bell
- Tubular
- Flower Petals:
- 4-5 petals/rays
- Flower Size:
- 1-3 inches
- Flower Description:
- One to two terminal cymes on each stem with 8 to 20 small lavender, pink or white bell-shaped flowers 1 to 2 inches across with extruded stamens. Blooms from March to June. The flowering stalks (or peduncles) of these cymes are up to 4 inches long, terete and glabrous to short-pubescent.
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Leaves:
- Woody Plant Leaf Characteristics:
- Deciduous
- Leaf Color:
- Green
- White
- Leaf Type:
- Compound (Pinnately , Bipinnately, Palmately)
- Simple
- Leaf Arrangement:
- Alternate
- Leaf Shape:
- Pinnatifid
- Leaf Margin:
- Serrate
- Hairs Present:
- No
- Leaf Length:
- > 6 inches
- Leaf Width:
- > 6 inches
- Leaf Description:
- The oval to triangular leaves are up to 6 inches long (and often wider than long) and are pinnately divided into 3 to 5 leaflets or deep, narrow, lobes with coarsely toothed margins. The tips are acute. The early spring leaves have small patches of white scattered across the upper surfaces giving a watermark look.
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Stem:
- Stem Color:
- Brown/Copper
- Green
- Red/Burgundy
- Stem Is Aromatic:
- No
- Stem Surface:
- Smooth (glabrous)
- Stem Description:
- Branching sparingly, the erect stems are green, reddish-green, or reddish-brown, glabrous to slightly hairy, with hairs that are curved or appressed against their stems.
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Landscape:
- Landscape Location:
- Pond
- Woodland
- Landscape Theme:
- Native Garden
- Pollinator Garden
- Shade Garden
- Design Feature:
- Border
- Attracts:
- Bees
- Pollinators