Russian Olive Elaeagnus umbellata

This plant is problematic and alternatives should be considered.  Please see the suggestions in the left-hand column.

Autumn olive is an invasive deciduous shrub or small tree in the Elaeagnaceae (oleaster) family native to Afghanistan and eastern Asia.  It was introduced to the US in the 1800s, and recommended for use as an ornamental plant as well as for creating a windbreak, erosion control, wildlife habitats, and in forest restoration.  Once its invasive nature was better known, it was no longer recommended for use.  However, it has managed to survive naturalize.  Many states have banned its sale.  It can be found growing in disturbed sites such as meadows, grasslands, open fields, roadsides and woodlands. Eradication can be attempted by hand pulling young plants, making sure that all the roots are removed.  

Elaeagnus means "olive tree" in Greek, and ubellata is Latin for "bearing umbles" in reference to the flower's inflorescence.  Grows quickly to a mature height of 10 to 16 feet and a width of 20 to 30 feet.  

Autumn olive grows in full sun to partial shade and prefers moist well-drained soils.  It becomes quite competitive even in poor soils by fixing nitrogen in its roots.  This plant survives where many other plants would struggle, it is highly tolerant of drought and erosion, but it does not tolerate wet sites. The plant can be pruned, but keep in mind that next year's blossoms will appear on old growth.

It has sharp thorns, pale white to yellow heavily fragrant flowers, and vibrant edible red berries.  Inside the fruits are thousands of tiny seeds that are dispersed by birds and small mammals.  It threatens native species by out-competing them and interfering with natural nutrient cycling and plant succession.  

Each tree is capable of producing up to 80 pounds of fruit.

Insects, Diseases, and Other Plant Problems: Japanese beetles feed on the leaves.  As mentioned, the plant is invasive in many areas of the USA especially the central and Midwestern regions.  Several states have banned the sale of this plant. It is listed as invasive by the NC Invasive Plant Council.