Zinnia elegans

Zinnia or common zinnia is an erect, flowering annual in the Asteraceae (aster) family with Mexican origins. It is a garden favorite, and many cultivars are available. In the past zinnias were used primarily as cut flowers, but now they are seen more often in home landscapes in a variety of colors. The zinnia is named in honor of Johann Gottfried Zinn, a German botanist. 

Plant zinnia in loam or soil with high organic matter and good drainage. It is not picky about soil pH but does require a site in full sun. Propagate by seed. Sow seed directly in the ground after the last frost date. Zinnias feature continuous summer to fall bloom in cool summer climates but may slow down at the peak of summer. Plant disease-resistant varieties in hot and humid summer climates. Good air circulation, full sun, and good drainage help prevent the onset of fungal leaf diseases. Deer do not find this plant appetizing. 

The Profusion Series features a cross between Zinnia angustifolia and Zinnia elegans, combining the best of each. It has superior disease resistance and drought resistance. It is tolerant of heat and humidity. New flowers grow above the old flowers; therefore, no deadheading is required. This series of cultivars offer dense, compact mounds up to 18 inches tall with a variety of colors to choose from.  

Zinnia is colorful, easy to grow, and attracts pollinators. It is a cheerful addition to a variety of landscape locations, including containers, patio gardens, recreational play areas, walkways, borders, and mass plantings. 

Seasons of Interest:

Bloom:  Summer and Fall          Foliage:  Summer and Fall

Quick ID

• Imbricated, obtuse, broad involucral bracts
• Leaves are opposite in arrangement, sessile, and clasping 
• Larger leaves can be 2 to 4 inches across and have 5 palmate veins
• Heads are large to gigantic and variously colored

Insects, Diseases, and Other Plant Problems: Zinnia is susceptible to powdery mildew, leaf spots, root rots, and blights. Fungal blooms are common in shaded or moist conditions in the south. Japanese beetles, aphids, and mites may be seen. Some cultivars have shown good resistance to leaf spot. See Phytophthora Root and Crown Rot in the Landscape.

The Clemson Cooperative Extension Home and Garden Information Center has a factsheet on common zinnia insect pests and diseases.

VIDEO created by Andy Pulte for “Landscape Plant Identification, Taxonomy and Morphology” a plant identification course offered by the Department of Plant Sciences, University of Tennessee.