Field Pansy Viola rafinesquei
Other Common Name(s):
Other plants called Field Pansy:
Previously known as:
- Viola bicolor
- Viola kitaibeliana
- Viola kitaibeliana var. rafinesquei
- Phonetic Spelling
- vy-OH-la raf-fin-NES-key
- Description
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Field pansy is a native annual plant in the violet family found throughout much of North America and is a winter annual weed. It forms colonies in fields, along roadsides and other disturbed sites such as prairies, pastures, and other waste areas. It is most abundant in sandy soils. It prefers full sun in moist sandy soil but adapts to other soils and part shade. Although considered weedy, this little plant attracts wildlife and is an early spring nectar source for bees. It tolerates light foot traffic and can be used as a lawn alternative.
The flower is solitary, rising from the leaf axils on the stalks. It has 5 dark veined petals, with the lateral petals bearded and the lower one will have a yellow patch at its base. The petals are typically pale blue, however can also be white with a slight blue tint.
This is the only annual in the Violet species that produce cleistogamous flowers. That is a type of automatic self-pollination of a plant by using non-opening but self-pollinating flowers.
A distinguishing feature of this viola is the length of the sepals. Its petals are longer than the sepals, whereas other varieties of violas have petals that are shorter than the sepals.
Field pansy can be planted in home landscapes, however, ir has a weedy nature making it a poor choice or the perennial garden. Best planted in large areas such as a meadow where it is free to spread.
Its common name Johnny-jump-up comes from its quick growth in the spring. It appears to jump up.
Insects, Diseases, and Other Plant Problems: No significant problems.
The Clemson Cooperative Extension Home & Garden Information Center has a factsheet on common pests and diseases. NC State Extension has a publication on the control of Field pansy as a weed of turfgrass.
- See this plant in the following landscape:
- Butterfly Garden at Rob Wallace Park
- Cultivars / Varieties:
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- Tags:
- Cultivars / Varieties:
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- Tags:
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Attributes:
- Genus:
- Viola
- Species:
- rafinesquei
- Family:
- Violaceae
- Uses (Ethnobotany):
- Native Americans used the plant for food and made teas to treat various ailments
- Life Cycle:
- Annual
- Perennial
- Country Or Region Of Origin:
- North America
- Distribution:
- AL , AR , AZ , CO , DC , DE , FL , GA , IA , ID , IL , IN , KS , KY , LA , MA , MD , MI , MO , MS , NC , NE , NJ , NM , NY , OH , OK , PA , SC , SD , TN , TX , VA , WV
- Wildlife Value:
- This plant supports Fritillary butterfly larvae. Bees visit the flowers and caterpillars of fritillary butterflies will feed on the foliage.
- Play Value:
- Attracts Pollinators
- Easy to Grow
- Wildlife Larval Host
- Edibility:
- Leaves and flowers are edible.
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Whole Plant Traits:
- Plant Type:
- Annual
- Native Plant
- Weed
- Wildflower
- Habit/Form:
- Erect
- Prostrate
- Spreading
- Growth Rate:
- Medium
- Maintenance:
- High
- Texture:
- Fine
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Cultural Conditions:
- Light:
- Full sun (6 or more hours of direct sunlight a day)
- Partial Shade (Direct sunlight only part of the day, 2-6 hours)
- Soil Texture:
- Clay
- Loam (Silt)
- Sand
- Soil pH:
- Acid (<6.0)
- Soil Drainage:
- Good Drainage
- Moist
- Occasionally Dry
- Available Space To Plant:
- Less than 12 inches
- NC Region:
- Coastal
- Mountains
- Piedmont
- USDA Plant Hardiness Zone:
- 4a, 4b, 5a, 5b, 6a, 6b, 7a, 7b, 8a, 8b, 9a, 9b, 10a, 10b
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Fruit:
- Fruit Color:
- Brown/Copper
- Fruit Type:
- Capsule
- Fruit Description:
- Oblong capsules split to eject small rounded light brown seeds.
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Flowers:
- Flower Color:
- Blue
- White
- Flower Inflorescence:
- Head
- Flower Value To Gardener:
- Showy
- Flower Bloom Time:
- Spring
- Flower Shape:
- Lipped
- Radial
- Flower Petals:
- 4-5 petals/rays
- asymmetrical petals
- Flower Size:
- < 1 inch
- Flower Description:
- The ½" solitary blooms have 5 petals and 5 sepals. The petals are pale to medium blue-violet with dark purple lines. The lowermost petal has a patch of yellow near its base. The lateral petals are bearded with white hairs near the throat.
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Leaves:
- Leaf Color:
- Green
- Leaf Feel:
- Smooth
- Leaf Type:
- Simple
- Leaf Arrangement:
- Alternate
- Leaf Shape:
- Oblanceolate
- Obovate
- Orbicular
- Leaf Margin:
- Crenate
- Entire
- Hairs Present:
- No
- Leaf Length:
- 1-3 inches
- Leaf Width:
- 1-3 inches
- Leaf Description:
- Small, veined basal leaves are orbicular. The alternate stem leaves are up to 2 inches long and obovate, becoming narrower as they go up the stem. They are hairless with crenate to entire margins. The leaves grow in clusters on the stem. Out of these clusters grow 1 or 2 leafless stems with a single blossom at the end.
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Stem:
- Stem Color:
- Green
- Purple/Lavender
- Stem Is Aromatic:
- No
- Stem Surface:
- Smooth (glabrous)
- Stem Description:
- The stems are light green to purplish green and hairless
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Landscape:
- Landscape Location:
- Lawn
- Meadow
- Naturalized Area
- Slope/Bank
- Woodland
- Landscape Theme:
- Butterfly Garden
- Native Garden
- Pollinator Garden
- Rock Garden
- Design Feature:
- Border
- Mass Planting
- Attracts:
- Bees
- Butterflies
- Pollinators
- Resistance To Challenges:
- Foot Traffic
- Problems:
- Weedy