NC State Extension
North Carolina Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox

Plant DetailShow Menu

Polystichum luctuosum

Previously known as:

  • Aspidium luctuosum
  • Aspidium tsus-simense
  • Polystichum tsus-simense
  • Polystichum tsus-simense var. parvipinnulum
Phonetic Spelling
pol-IS-tick-um luc-two-OH-som
Description

Korean rock fern is a small, compact, rhizomatous, mounding, slow-growing, evergreen to semi-evergreen herbaceous fern found in Southern Africa and Central and Eastern Asia. Its native habitat is evergreen forests at elevations of 2500 to 5700 feet on the forest floor or on rocks in China, Japan, Korea, and South Africa. It grows 1 to 1.5 feet tall and equally as wide. The fronds are shiny, broad, lance-shaped, leathery, finely divided, bluish-green with black veining. Koren rock fern is a member of the polypody family (Polypodiaceae). The genus name Polystichum is derived from two Greek words: polys, meaning many, and stichos, meaning in a row. This refers to the arrangement of the spores. The specific epithet luctuosum is a form of the Latin luctuosus, meaning sorrowful or mournful; hence the common names, sorrowful fern and mourning shield fern.

Prefers partial shade to full shade and moist, well-drained humus-rich soil. It is winter hardy in zones 6 to 9. Tolerates heavy shade and is deer- and rabbit-resistant. This low-maintenance plant may only require you to remove damaged or dead fronds. Propagated by spores and division of the rhizomes.

The Korean rock fern was first brought to the United States by the floral industry for use in men's boutonnieres.

This small species has a very compact and tidy appearance. The Korean rock fern is perfect for rock gardens, woodlands, mass plantings as ground cover, or as a container plant. 

Insects, Diseases, and Other Plant Problems:  No significant insect pests or diseases. Overwatering and poor drainage may lead to crown rot, especially in the winter.

VIDEO Created by NC State Extension's Homegrown series featuring Mark Weathington, Director of JC Raulston Arboretum.

 

More information on Polystichum.

Profile Video:
See this plant in the following landscape :
Cultivars / Varieties:
Tags:
#rabbit resistant#moist soil#terrarium#semi-evergreen#evergreen#glossy leaves#border planting#winter interest#fern#deer resistant#container plant#wet soils tolerant#woodland#fairy garden#arching#fronds#full shade#herbaceous perennial#low maintenance#mounding#non-flowering#partial shade
 
Cultivars / Varieties:
Tags:
#rabbit resistant#moist soil#terrarium#semi-evergreen#evergreen#glossy leaves#border planting#winter interest#fern#deer resistant#container plant#wet soils tolerant#woodland#fairy garden#arching#fronds#full shade#herbaceous perennial#low maintenance#mounding#non-flowering#partial shade
  • Attributes:
    Genus:
    Polystichum
    Species:
    luctuosum
    Family:
    Dryopteridaceae
    Life Cycle:
    Perennial
    Recommended Propagation Strategy:
    Division
    Country Or Region Of Origin:
    Zimbabwe to South Africa; Himalaya to Japan and Vietnam
    Distribution:
    Native: Cape Provinces, China North-Central, China South-Central, China Southeast, East Himalaya, Eswatini, Free State, Japan, Korea, KwaZulu-Natal, Lesotho, Madagascar, Manchuria, Nepal, Netherlands, Northern Provinces, Pakistan, Réunion, Taiwan, Tibet, Vietnam, West Himalaya, and Zimbabwe. Introduced: Belgium, Florida, and Louisiana
    Play Value:
    Defines Paths
    Textural
    Particularly Resistant To (Insects/Diseases/Other Problems):
    Heavy shade, This plant is seldom damaged by deer.
    Dimensions:
    Height: 1 ft. 0 in. - 1 ft. 6 in.
    Width: 1 ft. 0 in. - 1 ft. 6 in.
  • Whole Plant Traits:
    Plant Type:
    Fern
    Herbaceous Perennial
    Woody Plant Leaf Characteristics:
    Broadleaf Evergreen
    Semi-evergreen
    Habit/Form:
    Arching
    Creeping
    Mounding
    Growth Rate:
    Slow
    Maintenance:
    Low
    Texture:
    Fine
  • Cultural Conditions:
    Light:
    Deep shade (Less than 2 hours to no direct sunlight)
    Partial Shade (Direct sunlight only part of the day, 2-6 hours)
    Soil Texture:
    Clay
    Loam (Silt)
    Sand
    Soil pH:
    Acid (<6.0)
    Alkaline (>8.0)
    Neutral (6.0-8.0)
    Soil Drainage:
    Good Drainage
    Moist
    Available Space To Plant:
    Less than 12 inches
    12 inches-3 feet
    NC Region:
    Coastal
    Mountains
    Piedmont
    USDA Plant Hardiness Zone:
    6a, 6b, 7a, 7b, 8a, 8b, 9a, 9b
  • Fruit:
    Fruit Description:
    No fruits. This plant reproduces via spores. The sori are round and 1mm in diameter. The indusium (membrane surrounding the spore) is round, entire, and dark brown.
  • Flowers:
    Flower Description:
    Non-flowering.
  • Leaves:
    Woody Plant Leaf Characteristics:
    Broadleaf Evergreen
    Semi-evergreen
    Leaf Color:
    Blue
    Green
    Leaf Feel:
    Glossy
    Leathery
    Leaf Value To Gardener:
    Showy
    Leaf Type:
    Compound (Pinnately , Bipinnately, Palmately)
    Fronds
    Leaf Arrangement:
    Other/more complex
    Leaf Shape:
    Lanceolate
    Oblong
    Ovate
    Rhomboidal
    Leaf Margin:
    Crenulate
    Hairs Present:
    No
    Leaf Length:
    > 6 inches
    Leaf Width:
    3-6 inches
    Leaf Description:
    The leaves are glossy, bluish-green fronds. The leaf blade or lamina is lance-shaped and bipinnate with black veins, measuring up to 1.5 feet long and 0.5 feet wide. The pinnae have 12 to 15 pairs, alternate, and narrowly oblong-lanceolate. Basal pinnules of the pinna are conspicuously separated and larger. Pinnules are sharply cut, terminating in bristles. The rachis is pale brown with black scales.
  • Stem:
    Stem Color:
    Brown/Copper
    Stem Is Aromatic:
    No
    Stem Bud Scales:
    Enclosed in more than 2 scales
    Stem Description:
    The stipe is up to 1 foot long, pale to medium brown, with dark brown to black scales.
  • Landscape:
    Landscape Location:
    Container
    Patio
    Riparian
    Small Space
    Woodland
    Landscape Theme:
    Fairy Garden
    Pollinator Garden
    Shade Garden
    Winter Garden
    Design Feature:
    Accent
    Border
    Mass Planting
    Resistance To Challenges:
    Deer
    Heavy Shade
    Rabbits
    Urban Conditions