German Iris Iris x germanica

This non-native perennial herbaceous herb from the Mediterranean thrives and blooms best in full sun when planted in rich well-drained soil, though plants will tolerate some shade.  They do not grow well in heavy clay soil. These are generally tall showy irises with large, single to several blooms rising as much as 3 feet above the leaves on single naked stems.  Blooms are 6-parted with 3 outer, spreading or pendent "falls" with yellow beards and 3 inner, erect "standards".  The flowers have been cultivated to include a rich variety from blues and purples to shades of pink, yellow, orange, white and black.  They have also developed a variety of heights to offer use in all areas of a perennial border from dwarfs and miniatures through medium to tall.

Rhizomes should be planted at soil level or lightly covered and not mulched to prevent over moisture leading to root rot.  These iris prefer dryer soil and should not be overwatered.  To encourage growth and blooming, the plants should be fertilized in early spring and be divided after flowering (in mid to late summer). This also helps prevent fungal and other diseases, such as crown rot and mosaic virus.  Iris borer is a major insect pest to this plant and can be managed by removing affected roots and foliage immediately, as well as clearing the bed of foliage at the end of the season and division of plants as they become crowded. Blooms should also be removed after they fade.  The leaves, as in most iris, are strap-like and overlapping at the base forming a clump. The fruit is in the form of a capsule.

VIDEO Created by Elisabeth Meyer for "Annuals, Perennials, Vines, and Groundcovers" a plant identification course offered in partnership with Longwood Gardens. 

More information on Iris.