Winterberry Ilex verticillata x serrata

Winterberry is a slow-growing, deciduous, woody shrub in the holly family (Aquifoliaceae). It is a hybrid between a North American species (I. verticillata) and an Asian species (I. serrata).

Winterberry grows to a height and width of 6 to 10 feet, so plant individual plants 3 to 6 feet apart. Plant in locations that receive full sun or part shade in organically rich soil wet with good drainage. It grows well in a variety of soils including sand, loam, or clay but requires acidic soil. Winterberry spreads by suckers and can form colonies. Propagate through stem cutting. 

When purchasing a female plant be sure to purchase the male variety that blooms at the same time. One male plant will pollinate three to five female shrubs. Place the female plants where the red berries can be seen and enjoyed for year-round interest. 

Use this plant along streams or ponds, in rain gardens, as a hedge, or in a naturalized area. Use as an accent or specimen, or in a mass planting in a border. It attracts songbirds, pollinators, and specialized bees. It is resistant to deer damage, wet soil, and pollution. 

Quick ID Hints:

• Deciduous, shrubby holly with persistent red berries.

• Berry has a terminal black dot (the dried stigma)

• Leaves are serrated and veins are pubescent underneath.

• Leaf veins are impressed.

Insects, Diseases, and Other Problems: The native holly leafminer, Japanese wax scale, and southern red mites are the most frequently reported pests of hollies in the southeastern United States. Leaf spots and powdery mildew occasionally occur. Neutral to alkaline soils may cause chlorosis (yellowing of leaves) and even death. 

The Clemson Cooperative Extension Home and Garden Information Center has a factsheet on common diseases and insect pests.

VIDEO Created by Elizabeth Meyer for "Trees, Shrubs and Conifers" a plant identification course offered in partnership with Longwood Gardens.