Gallberry Ilex glabra

Inkberry is a woody, multi-branched, broadleaf evergreen shrub in the holly family (Aquifoliaceae). It is native to the SE USA. The species epithet means “smooth” in Latin, a description of the plant’s leaf surface.

Inkberry prefers a site in full sun to partial shade and clay or sandy acidic soils with good drainage. However, it tolerates moist, even occasionally wet soil. In its native habitat, it grows beside swamps and bogs. It is moderately salt-tolerant. Inkberry grows 5 to 10 feet tall, 5 to 8 feet wide, and suckers to form colonies. Plants generally need minimal pruning unless used as a hedge. If desired, prune in early spring just before new growth begins. 

Both male and female plants are necessary for inkberry to produce the berries that provide winter interest and are enjoyed by many species of birds and small mammals. Inkberry has glossy, dark green leaves that remain attractive in winter if temperatures do not fall too far below zero. The greenish-white flowers that appear in spring attract pollinators, including honeybees. The honey produced by the bees is considered outstanding. In addition to attracting honeybees, this plant serves as a host plant for the Henry's elfin (Callophrys henrici) butterfly.

Our two, native, black-fruited species can be distinguished by their leaves. Inkberry (I. glabra) has leaves less than ½ inch wide, widest above the middle (obovate), and crenate in the distal half. Big gallbery (I. coriacea) has leaves about 1 inch wide, widest at or near the middle, and margins that are entire or have a few, irregularly spaced spines. 

Its upright, rounded habit makes inkberry an effective hedge, windbreak, or privacy screen. Also, consider using it in a butterfly, children's, pollinator, rain or winter garden. 

Fire Risk: This plant has a high flammability rating and should not be planted within the defensible space of your home. Select plants with a low flammability rating for the sites nearest your home. 

Insects, Diseases, or Other Plant Problems: The native holly leafminer, Japanese wax scale, and southern red mites are the most frequently reported pests.  

 The Clemson Cooperative Extension Home and Garden Information Center has a factsheet on common diseases and insect pests.

More information on Ilex.