Farkleberry Vaccinium arboreum
Other Common Name(s):
Previously known as:
- Batodendron andrachniforme
- Batodendron arboreum
- Vaccinium arboreum var. glaucescens
- Phonetic Spelling
- vak-SIN-ee-um ar-BOR-ee-um
- Description
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Sparkleberry is a small, deciduous to evergreen shrub or tree that may grow 10 to 20 feet tall. It can be found in rocky woodlands, sandy woodlands, and on cliffs. The leaves are alternate with a smooth or finely toothed margin. The bark is shredded and patchy with reds, browns, and grays present. In early summer, small, white, bell-shaped flowers mature. In the fall, this plant has excellent color. The tall shrub produces a black fruit that matures in the fall and is a good food source for wildlife.
Growing on racemes, the 1/4" flowers bloom for a short period, from late spring to early summer. The bloom period extends for approximately 3 weeks. Once the fertile flowers bloom, they are replaced by berries that will mature in the fall. Each berry can contain up to 10 seeds which will reseed itself. Wildlife eat the berries.
The upper surface of the leaves are medium green, glabrous and have a slight shine. The underside is a pale green, glabrous to finely pubescent, the fine hairs occur along the central veins of the leaf. While it is usually deciduous, the plant may stay evergreen throughout the winter in warmer southern regions.
Sparkleberry grows best in sun to partial shade and likes dry to moist sandy or rocky soil. It is drought and heat tolerant and a high-value wildlife plant.
The tallest of the genus blueberries, it is often referred to as huckleberry.
Fire Risk: This plant has a medium flammability rating.
Insects, Diseases, and Other Plant Problems:
- See this plant in the following landscape:
- Cultivars / Varieties:
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- Tags:
- Cultivars / Varieties:
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- Tags:
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Attributes:
- Genus:
- Vaccinium
- Species:
- arboreum
- Family:
- Ericaceae
- Life Cycle:
- Woody
- Recommended Propagation Strategy:
- Seed
- Stem Cutting
- Country Or Region Of Origin:
- SE North America
- Distribution:
- AL , AR , FL , GA , IL , IN , KS , KY , LA , MO , MS , NC , OK , SC , TN , TX , VA
- Fire Risk Rating:
- medium flammability
- Wildlife Value:
- This plant provides nectar for pollinators and supports Brown Elfin (Callophrys augustinus) larvae which have one flight and appear from May to July in the North and March to April in the South. Adult Brown Elfin butterflies feed on flower nectar. The fruit is eaten by songbirds, small mammals, ruffed grouse, wild turkeys and black bears. It provides winter cover. Members of the genus Vaccinium support the following specialized bees: Andrena (Conandrena) bradleyi, Andrena (Andrena) carolina, Panurginus atramontensis, Habropoda laboriosa, Colletes productus, Colletes validus, and Osmia (Melanosmia) virga.
- Play Value:
- Attractive Flowers
- Attracts Pollinators
- Buffer
- Screening
- Textural
- Wildlife Food Source
- Wildlife Larval Host
- Dimensions:
- Height: 8 ft. 0 in. - 15 ft. 0 in.
- Width: 4 ft. 0 in. - 10 ft. 0 in.
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Whole Plant Traits:
- Plant Type:
- Native Plant
- Perennial
- Shrub
- Tree
- Woody Plant Leaf Characteristics:
- Broadleaf Evergreen
- Deciduous
- Semi-evergreen
- Habit/Form:
- Erect
- Multi-stemmed
- Spreading
- Growth Rate:
- Medium
- Maintenance:
- Medium
- Texture:
- Coarse
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Cultural Conditions:
- Light:
- Full sun (6 or more hours of direct sunlight a day)
- Partial Shade (Direct sunlight only part of the day, 2-6 hours)
- Soil Texture:
- Loam (Silt)
- Sand
- Shallow Rocky
- Soil pH:
- Acid (<6.0)
- Neutral (6.0-8.0)
- Soil Drainage:
- Good Drainage
- Moist
- Occasionally Dry
- Available Space To Plant:
- 6-feet-12 feet
- 12-24 feet
- NC Region:
- Coastal
- Mountains
- Piedmont
- USDA Plant Hardiness Zone:
- 7a, 7b, 8a, 8b, 9a, 9b
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Fruit:
- Fruit Color:
- Black
- Purple/Lavender
- Fruit Value To Gardener:
- Showy
- Display/Harvest Time:
- Fall
- Fruit Type:
- Berry
- Fruit Length:
- < 1 inch
- Fruit Width:
- < 1 inch
- Fruit Description:
- It has gritty non-juicy berries that last into the winter. Fruits appear between September and October. Female plants cannot produce fruit on their own.
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Flowers:
- Flower Color:
- White
- Flower Inflorescence:
- Raceme
- Flower Value To Gardener:
- Fragrant
- Showy
- Flower Bloom Time:
- Spring
- Summer
- Flower Shape:
- Bell
- Flower Size:
- < 1 inch
- Flower Description:
- Small white fragrant bell-shaped flowers form on racemes that occur singly or in clusters of 2-5 and are 2 inches long. Individual flowers are 1/4 inch long and wide. Blooms late spring to early summer (April-June).
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Leaves:
- Woody Plant Leaf Characteristics:
- Broadleaf Evergreen
- Deciduous
- Semi-evergreen
- Leaf Color:
- Green
- Red/Burgundy
- Leaf Feel:
- Glossy
- Leathery
- Leaf Value To Gardener:
- Showy
- Deciduous Leaf Fall Color:
- Red/Burgundy
- Leaf Type:
- Simple
- Leaf Arrangement:
- Alternate
- Leaf Shape:
- Elliptical
- Obovate
- Ovate
- Leaf Margin:
- Entire
- Hairs Present:
- Yes
- Leaf Length:
- 1-3 inches
- Leaf Width:
- 1-3 inches
- Leaf Description:
- Has leathery, glossy dark green leaves, 1-3 inches long and half as wide. The lower leaf surface is pale green and glabrous to finely pubescent. The leaves show red to crimson fall color.
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Bark:
- Bark Color:
- Light Brown
- Light Gray
- Orange
- Red/Burgundy
- Surface/Attachment:
- Exfoliating
- Shredding
- Bark Description:
- Bark exfoliates and is composed of grays, rich browns, oranges, and reddish-browns.
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Stem:
- Stem Color:
- Brown/Copper
- Gray/Silver
- Red/Burgundy
- Stem Is Aromatic:
- No
- Stem Description:
- Branches and older twigs are gray and relatively smooth. Young twigs are reddish-brown. This single trunked shrub or small tree typically has a trunk up to 6" across.
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Landscape:
- Landscape Location:
- Coastal
- Naturalized Area
- Vertical Spaces
- Woodland
- Landscape Theme:
- Butterfly Garden
- Drought Tolerant Garden
- Garden for the Blind
- Native Garden
- Pollinator Garden
- Rain Garden
- Winter Garden
- Design Feature:
- Accent
- Barrier
- Border
- Flowering Tree
- Hedge
- Mass Planting
- Screen/Privacy
- Small Tree
- Specimen
- Attracts:
- Bees
- Butterflies
- Pollinators
- Small Mammals
- Songbirds
- Specialized Bees
- Resistance To Challenges:
- Drought
- Dry Soil
- Heat