NC State Extension
North Carolina Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox

Plant DetailShow Menu

Papaver rhoeas

Previously known as:

  • Papaver arvaticum
  • Papaver vulgaris
Phonetic Spelling
puh-PAY-ver ROH-ee-as
Description

Corn Poppy is an annual herbaceous species of flowering plant in the poppy family native to Europe and Asia. Numerous red blooms appear spring and summer and again in the fall, but each individual bloom lasts only a day. Cultivars are available in white and purple. Corn Poppy is the common field poppy of Europe and became a symbol for the losses incurred on the battlefields of World War I.The genus name comes from the Latin for poppy. The species name is Latin for red in reference to the flower color.

Corn Poppy is best grown in fertile, medium moist, well-drained soils in full sun. It does well in cool summer climates with some afternoon shade where summers tend to be hot. Good drainage is important. It is an annual, but vigorously self seeds to maintain its presence in the garden year after year.

Use in a non-native naturalized area or as groups in border fronts and sow seeds successfully for a longer bloom season. Corn Poppy can easily escape from cultivation and has been described as weedy. The seeds can remain vital for a long time, known to have sprouted after 80 years of dormancy. 

Clemson University has an article on corn poppies in its Home and Garden Information Center.

Diseases, Insect Pests, and Other Plant Problems:

No known insect or disease problems. Wet soils can cause root rot. Botrytis and powdery mildew can also occur.

More information on Papaver.

See this plant in the following landscape :
Cultivars / Varieties:
  • 'Shirley Double'
    Divided, light green leaves, fine silvery hairs, double flowers with ruffled petals in white, pink, orange and red.
'Shirley Double'
Tags:
#red flowers#cutting garden#showy flowers#annual flowers#border front#hairy stems#small groups#spreading#weedy
 
Cultivars / Varieties:
  • 'Shirley Double'
    Divided, light green leaves, fine silvery hairs, double flowers with ruffled petals in white, pink, orange and red.
'Shirley Double'
Tags:
#red flowers#cutting garden#showy flowers#annual flowers#border front#hairy stems#small groups#spreading#weedy
  • Attributes:
    Genus:
    Papaver
    Species:
    rhoeas
    Family:
    Papaveraceae
    Life Cycle:
    Annual
    Recommended Propagation Strategy:
    Seed
    Country Or Region Of Origin:
    Europe, Asia, Mediteranean countries
    Distribution:
    Introduced to eastern and western United States, Canada, South America, Britain, Baltic countries, and India.
    Dimensions:
    Height: 0 ft. 9 in. - 1 ft. 6 in.
    Width: 0 ft. 6 in. - 1 ft. 0 in.
  • Whole Plant Traits:
    Plant Type:
    Annual
    Habit/Form:
    Clumping
    Erect
    Mounding
    Spreading
    Growth Rate:
    Medium
    Maintenance:
    Low
  • Cultural Conditions:
    Light:
    Full sun (6 or more hours of direct sunlight a day)
    Soil Texture:
    Loam (Silt)
    Sand
    Soil pH:
    Acid (<6.0)
    Alkaline (>8.0)
    Neutral (6.0-8.0)
    Soil Drainage:
    Good Drainage
    Available Space To Plant:
    12 inches-3 feet
    NC Region:
    Coastal
    Mountains
    Piedmont
    USDA Plant Hardiness Zone:
    3a, 3b, 4a, 4b, 5a, 5b, 6a, 6b, 7a, 7b, 8a, 8b, 9a, 9b, 10a, 10b
  • Fruit:
    Fruit Color:
    Black
    Display/Harvest Time:
    Fall
    Fruit Type:
    Capsule
    Fruit Description:
    Black-seeded capsule that explodes when ripe to distribute its seed.
  • Flowers:
    Flower Color:
    Purple/Lavender
    Red/Burgundy
    White
    Flower Inflorescence:
    Head
    Flower Value To Gardener:
    Good Cut
    Showy
    Flower Bloom Time:
    Fall
    Spring
    Summer
    Flower Shape:
    Cup
    Saucer
    Flower Petals:
    4-5 petals/rays
    Flower Size:
    1-3 inches
    Flower Description:
    Single flowers on long peduncles that are large and showy, 2 inches across, with four crinkly petals that are usually vivid red with a black spot at their base, but sometimes are purple or white. Bloom time is spring and fall. They work well as a cut flower if the end of the stem is burned with a match immediately after cutting.
  • Leaves:
    Leaf Color:
    Green
    Leaf Feel:
    Rough
    Leaf Type:
    Simple
    Leaf Arrangement:
    Alternate
    Leaf Margin:
    Lobed
    Serrate
    Hairs Present:
    Yes
    Leaf Length:
    3-6 inches
    Leaf Description:
    Hairy, coarsely-toothed leaves (to 6 inches long), irregularly pinnate but rarely entire,
  • Stem:
    Stem Is Aromatic:
    No
    Stem Form:
    Straight
    Stem Surface:
    Hairy (pubescent)
    Stem Description:
    The simple, sometimes branching, flower stem is usually covered with coarse hairs that are held at right angles to the surface. Exudes white to yellowish latex when the tissues are broken.
  • Landscape:
    Landscape Location:
    Meadow
    Naturalized Area
    Rock Wall
    Landscape Theme:
    Cutting Garden
    Rock Garden
    Design Feature:
    Border
    Small groups
    Problems:
    Weedy