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Bitter Switchgrass Panicum amarum

Phonetic Spelling
PAN-ih-kum a-MAHR-um
Description

Bitter switchgrass is a warm-season ornamental perennial beach grass in the Poaceae family. It is native to sandy dunes and shores in coastal areas from Connecticut to Florida to Texas. Var. amarulum can be found in the same areas, as well as sandflats and sandhills 

Bitter switchgrass prefers well-drained, dry to medium moisture soils, performing well even in infertile sandy loams. It is salt-tolerant, low-maintenance and spreads by rhizomes.  Cut it back to the ground in late winter to early spring to maintain an attractive shape. Propagation is by seed or division.

The tall, narrow cluster has pinkish flowers that wave over the leaves. The blue-green leaves are erect to arching and up to 20 inches long.

Bitter switchgrass is used as a dune stabilizer along the southern NC coast. It can be used in rain gardens and the border of native gardens or in naturalized areas. It will help prevent erosion in difficult areas.

Insects, Diseases, and Other Plant Problems:  No serious insect or disease problems. Too much organic material added to the soil can cause it to flop over. It tolerates light shade, but begins to lose form in too much shade, growing more openly and possibly falling over. 

 

See this plant in the following landscape :
Cultivars / Varieties:
  • 'Dewey Blue'
'Dewey Blue'
Tags:
#rain garden#drought tolerant#salt tolerant#low maintenance#winter interest#fall interest#air pollution tolerant#erosion control#highly beneficial coastal plants#NC native#skipper butterflies#border planting#pollinator plant#native ornamental grass#larval host plant#food source herbage#Coastal FAC#native sedge#bird friendly#food source hard mast fruit#mammals#butterfly friendly#Piedmont Mountains FACU#Audubon#common wood-nymph butterfly#dunes#wildlife friendly#meadow
 
Cultivars / Varieties:
  • 'Dewey Blue'
'Dewey Blue'
Tags:
#rain garden#drought tolerant#salt tolerant#low maintenance#winter interest#fall interest#air pollution tolerant#erosion control#highly beneficial coastal plants#NC native#skipper butterflies#border planting#pollinator plant#native ornamental grass#larval host plant#food source herbage#Coastal FAC#native sedge#bird friendly#food source hard mast fruit#mammals#butterfly friendly#Piedmont Mountains FACU#Audubon#common wood-nymph butterfly#dunes#wildlife friendly#meadow
  • Attributes:
    Genus:
    Panicum
    Species:
    amarum
    Family:
    Poaceae
    Recommended Propagation Strategy:
    Division
    Seed
    Country Or Region Of Origin:
    Native to North America, Mexico
    Distribution:
    AL , CT , DE , FL , GA , LA , MA , MD , MS , NC , NJ , NM , NY , PA , RI , SC , TX , VA , WV
    Wildlife Value:
    This is a larval host plant for various Skipper butterflies and the Common Wood-Nymph (Cercyonis pegala) which have one brood from late May to October. Adult Common Wood-Nymph butterflies feed on rotting fruit and flower nectar.
    Dimensions:
    Height: 3 ft. 0 in. - 4 ft. 0 in.
    Width: 2 ft. 0 in. - 3 ft. 0 in.
  • Whole Plant Traits:
    Plant Type:
    Herbaceous Perennial
    Native Plant
    Ornamental Grasses and Sedges
    Habit/Form:
    Arching
    Clumping
    Dense
    Growth Rate:
    Medium
    Maintenance:
    Low
    Texture:
    Medium
  • Cultural Conditions:
    Light:
    Full sun (6 or more hours of direct sunlight a day)
    Soil Texture:
    Clay
    Sand
    Soil Drainage:
    Moist
    Occasionally Dry
    Very Dry
    Available Space To Plant:
    3 feet-6 feet
    NC Region:
    Coastal
    Piedmont
    USDA Plant Hardiness Zone:
    2a, 2b, 3a, 3b, 4a, 4b, 5a, 5b, 6a, 6b, 7a, 7b, 8a, 8b, 9a, 9b
  • Fruit:
    Fruit Color:
    Cream/Tan
    Display/Harvest Time:
    Fall
    Winter
    Fruit Type:
    Caryopsis
    Fruit Description:
    Fruits are available from August to December. Beige seedheads persist into winter
  • Flowers:
    Flower Color:
    Pink
    Flower Inflorescence:
    Panicle
    Flower Value To Gardener:
    Long-lasting
    Showy
    Flower Bloom Time:
    Fall
    Summer
    Flower Size:
    < 1 inch
    Flower Description:
    Flowers bloom July-November. The narrow panicle is up to 2.5 feet long and 6 inches wide with small pinkish flowers
  • Leaves:
    Leaf Color:
    Blue
    Gray/Silver
    Green
    Leaf Feel:
    Glossy
    Leaf Type:
    Sheath
    Simple
    Leaf Arrangement:
    Alternate
    Leaf Shape:
    Linear
    Leaf Margin:
    Entire
    Hairs Present:
    Yes
    Leaf Length:
    > 6 inches
    Leaf Width:
    < 1 inch
    Leaf Description:
    The bluish- green leaves grow erect to arching over and 7 yo 20 inches long and 1/4 to 1/2 inches wide.
  • Stem:
    Stem Is Aromatic:
    No
  • Landscape:
    Landscape Location:
    Slope/Bank
    Landscape Theme:
    Butterfly Garden
    Native Garden
    Pollinator Garden
    Rain Garden
    Winter Garden
    Attracts:
    Butterflies
    Pollinators
    Small Mammals
    Songbirds
    Resistance To Challenges:
    Black Walnut
    Drought
    Dry Soil
    Erosion
    Pollution
    Salt