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Rose-bay Nerium oleander

Other Common Name(s):

Phonetic Spelling
NAIR-ee-um OH-lee-an-der
This plant has high severity poison characteristics.
See below
Description

Oleander is a rapidly growing evergreen, rounded shrub or small tree native to Europe and Asia.  It is a member of the dogbane family (Apocynaceae).

This plant dies in the winter in zone 7 and the upper bound of zone 8. It does best in the lower bound of zone 8 and zone 9. It is intolerant of low temperatures at or below 32 degrees F and may be damaged by cold winters. Prune back frost-damaged and dead branches once winter passes. Regular light pruning of the shrub after flowering in the late summer to early fall improves its shape. If needed, it can be severely pruned. When pruning, keep in mind that next seasons' blossoms and fruit will appear on new growth. In cold areas this plant can also be grown in a container that is moved indoors for the winter or as a houseplant.

Oleander grows to heights between 5 feet and 19.5 feet tall and 6 feet to 10 feet wide. Its large size makes it an ideal choice for use as a screening plant, or in the back of a border. Dwarf cultivars are also available. It prefers full sun to partial shade and well-drained and fertile soil, although it is adaptable to many soil conditions. This plant blooms in late spring to late summer and it comes in a variety of flower colors, from pink to peach to white. Each flower has a corona, a raised, crown-like cup that surrounds the throat of the flower. The fruits are not ornamental. This shrub is highly deer and salt-tolerant, including salt spray so it works well in coastal gardens. It is also tolerant of heat, drought, wind, air pollution and poor soil (making them a favorite for plantings in medians and along highways)

ALL PARTS OF THIS PLANT ARE HIGHLY TOXIC AND MAY BE FATAL. When branches are broken, they exude a thick, gummy, sap which can cause contact dermatitis. People have been poisoned with cooking skewers fashioned from twigs of this plant. Smoke from burning material of this plant is injurious. Do not burn this plant.

Insects, Diseases, and Other Plant Problems: No serious problems. Aphids, caterpillars mealybugs and scale are occasional pests. Armillaria, leaf spot, and sooty mold occasionally occurs.

Quick ID Hints:

  • Narrow leaves are opposite or in whorls of 3 or 4
  • Fruit is a pair of follicles that have splits on the seam
  • Shiny, stout, green stems
  • Linear-lanceolate leaves are 4 to 7 inches long and less than an inch wide
  • Showy, terminal, 5-petaled flowers that are 1 to 1.5 inches in size and are in cymes
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See this plant in the following landscape:
Cultivars / Varieties:
  • 'Hardy Pink'
    Withstands cold temperatures better
  • 'Petite Pink'
    Dwarf form with light pink flowers
'Hardy Pink', 'Petite Pink'
Tags:
#purple#evergreen#showy flowers#small tree#poisonous#fragrant flowers#heat tolerant#houseplant#drought tolerant#shrub#purple flowers#pink flowers#yellow flowers#salt tolerant#tough plant#orange flowers#interiorscape#low maintenance#air pollution tolerant#salt spray tolerant#wind tolerant#fire low flammability#deer resistant#foundation planting#wind dispersed seeds#screening#fantz#leathery leaves#poor soils tolerant#border back#urban conditions tolerant#problem for cats#problem for dogs#problem for horses#container plant#patio#hedge#cpp#hs303
 
Cultivars / Varieties:
  • 'Hardy Pink'
    Withstands cold temperatures better
  • 'Petite Pink'
    Dwarf form with light pink flowers
'Hardy Pink', 'Petite Pink'
Tags:
#purple#evergreen#showy flowers#small tree#poisonous#fragrant flowers#heat tolerant#houseplant#drought tolerant#shrub#purple flowers#pink flowers#yellow flowers#salt tolerant#tough plant#orange flowers#interiorscape#low maintenance#air pollution tolerant#salt spray tolerant#wind tolerant#fire low flammability#deer resistant#foundation planting#wind dispersed seeds#screening#fantz#leathery leaves#poor soils tolerant#border back#urban conditions tolerant#problem for cats#problem for dogs#problem for horses#container plant#patio#hedge#cpp#hs303
  • Attributes:
    Genus:
    Nerium
    Species:
    oleander
    Family:
    Apocynaceae
    Life Cycle:
    Woody
    Recommended Propagation Strategy:
    Seed
    Stem Cutting
    Country Or Region Of Origin:
    Europe, Asia
    Fire Risk Rating:
    low flammability
    Particularly Resistant To (Insects/Diseases/Other Problems):
    Texas Root Rot and Verticillium
    Dimensions:
    Height: 5 ft. 0 in. - 19 ft. 6 in.
    Width: 6 ft. 0 in. - 10 ft. 0 in.
  • Whole Plant Traits:
    Plant Type:
    Houseplant
    Perennial
    Poisonous
    Shrub
    Woody Plant Leaf Characteristics:
    Broadleaf Evergreen
    Habit/Form:
    Clumping
    Erect
    Rounded
    Growth Rate:
    Rapid
    Maintenance:
    Low
    Texture:
    Medium
  • Cultural Conditions:
    Light:
    Full sun (6 or more hours of direct sunlight a day)
    Partial Shade (Direct sunlight only part of the day, 2-6 hours)
    Soil Texture:
    Clay
    High Organic Matter
    Loam (Silt)
    Sand
    Shallow Rocky
    Soil Drainage:
    Good Drainage
    Moist
    Occasionally Dry
    Available Space To Plant:
    6-feet-12 feet
    NC Region:
    Coastal
    USDA Plant Hardiness Zone:
    8a, 8b, 9a, 9b, 10a, 10b
  • Fruit:
    Fruit Color:
    Brown/Copper
    Green
    Display/Harvest Time:
    Fall
    Summer
    Fruit Type:
    Follicle
    Fruit Length:
    > 3 inches
    Fruit Description:
    Fruits are a slender pair of pod-like follicles that are 5-7" long, green, and have small, fringed seeds. They are not particularly attractive and can lead to litter clean up so dead-head flowers to prevent seed heads from forming.
  • Flowers:
    Flower Color:
    Cream/Tan
    Gold/Yellow
    Orange
    Pink
    Purple/Lavender
    Red/Burgundy
    White
    Flower Inflorescence:
    Cyme
    Flower Value To Gardener:
    Fragrant
    Showy
    Flower Bloom Time:
    Spring
    Summer
    Flower Shape:
    Funnel
    Flower Petals:
    4-5 petals/rays
    Flower Size:
    1-3 inches
    Flower Description:
    Flowers are white, pink, red, lilac, purple, orange, salmon or apricot. They are 5-petaled, single, or true double. Corollas are funnelform and have a slender tube. A corona surrounds the mouth of the tube. Stamens are attached below the throat. The inflorescence is a terminal cyme and grow all over the plant. They bloom from late spring to late summer.
  • Leaves:
    Woody Plant Leaf Characteristics:
    Broadleaf Evergreen
    Leaf Color:
    Green
    Leaf Feel:
    Leathery
    Leaf Value To Gardener:
    Long-lasting
    Leaf Type:
    Simple
    Leaf Arrangement:
    Opposite
    Whorled
    Leaf Shape:
    Lanceolate
    Linear
    Leaf Margin:
    Entire
    Hairs Present:
    No
    Leaf Length:
    3-6 inches
    Leaf Description:
    Leaves are opposite or in whorls of 3 or 4, simple, linear-lanceolate, sharply acute, entire, and are 4-7" long. Leaves are prominent pinnate midribs above and short petioles. They are leathery and dark green in color.
  • Bark:
    Bark Color:
    Dark Brown
    Green
    Surface/Attachment:
    Furrowed
    Smooth
  • Stem:
    Stem Color:
    Green
    Stem Is Aromatic:
    No
    Stem Description:
    Strong cane-like stems. Twigs are stout and shiny green.
  • Landscape:
    Landscape Location:
    Coastal
    Container
    Houseplants
    Patio
    Pool/Hardscape
    Landscape Theme:
    Drought Tolerant Garden
    Nighttime Garden
    Winter Garden
    Design Feature:
    Border
    Foundation Planting
    Screen/Privacy
    Small Tree
    Attracts:
    Butterflies
    Resistance To Challenges:
    Deer
    Drought
    Heat
    Pollution
    Poor Soil
    Salt
    Urban Conditions
    Wind
    Problems:
    Contact Dermatitis
    Poisonous to Humans
    Problem for Cats
    Problem for Dogs
    Problem for Horses
  • Poisonous to Humans:
    Poison Severity:
    High
    Poison Symptoms:
    Highly toxic, may be fatal if eaten! Nausea, vomiting, stomach pain, dizziness, slowed pulse, irregular heartbeat, dilation of pupils, bloody diarrhea, and drowsiness, depression, death. Poisonous either fresh or dry.
    Poison Toxic Principle:
    Cardiac glycosides: nerioside and oleandroside; saponins, and other unknown compounds
    Causes Contact Dermatitis:
    Yes
    Poison Part:
    Bark
    Flowers
    Fruits
    Leaves
    Roots
    Sap/Juice
    Seeds
    Stems