Horned Holly Ilex cornuta 'Crimson Fire'

Chinese Holly is a holly from Asia where it is often found in ravines and hills and alongside mountain paths. In the landscape, it can be grown as a hedge up to 15 feet tall or trained to be a small tree up to 25 feet tall.  Cultivars usually range from 3 feet to 10 feet in height.  The unusual rectangular leaves resemble bullhorns.  The specific epithet 'cornuta' means horn-shaped.  The flowers are not very showy, but they are pleasantly scented. The plant is dioecious (meaning individual flowers are either male or female, but only one sex is found on any one plant so both male and female plants must be grown if seed is required). It is pollinated by bees.

This holly is tolerant of most soils except poorly-drained ones and can be grown in full to partial sun. It is tolerant of heat and humidity and is drought tolerant once established, making it a good choice for the south. Prune in the late winter to control its size if needed. The fruit and evergreen leaves make for winter interest in the landscape. The spiny leaves make this a good choice for a barrier or privacy screen or use as an impenetrable hedge. It can also be planted as a specimen, used in small groups, or planted along a foundation. Mature plants do not tolerate root disturbance, so it is best to site the plant in its permanent position, preferably one that provides winter protection for the first year or two.

It has been known to escape cultivation and naturalize in some states, including North Carolina and Alabama.

'Crimson Fire' is a cultivar of Chinese holly.   

Although it has some tolerance for heat and periods of drought, then grown in locations that experience hot summers, placement should be in an area that provides some protection from the afternoon sun.

Its flowers are insignificant but are fragrant.  

Typically grown as a shrub, it can be pruned into a small tree.  Fruiting will occur when both male and female plants are situated at the location.  

Insects, Diseases, and Other Plant Problems:  Holly leaf miner, scale, whitefly, and spider mites are occasional insect pests. Powdery mildew, leaf spot, leaf rot, and tar spot are potential disease problems.  However, it is resistant to Phytophthora root rot. Depending on their planting location this shrub can exhibit chlorosis, leaf drop, or leaf scorch from high pH soils. This plant does spread rapidly and has been listed by USDA as an invasive species in Georgia. 

The Clemson Cooperative Extension Home and Garden Information Center has a factsheet on common diseases and insect pests.

More information on Ilex cornuta.