Bulrush Cyperus papyrus Play pronunciation

Papyrus is a large, clump-forming, aquatic, herbaceous perennial sedge from Africa. It is typically found in swamps, along streams, shallow lakes, or in the wet portions of Africa. In its native range, this plant can grow 15 to 16 feet tall. As an ornamental, it usually grows 5 to 8 feet tall and 2 to 4 feet wide. Papyrus has deep green, triangular stems and an unusual feather-duster-type head composed of thin rays and elongated bracts. Its rhizomes are covered with paper scales. It is a member of the sedge family (Cyperaceae). The genus name Cyprus was derived from the Greek word kypeiros, and is the local name for some of their sedges. The specific epithet papyrus is also Greek in origin and means paper. This plant was used for making paper by the Ancient Egyptians.

This plant prefers full sun to partial shade and wet, boggy soils. It does best in a consistently moist soil and can tolerate standing in up to 6 inches of water.  It is winter-hardy in zones 9 to 10. Provide a sheltered location since wind damage can occur.  In the fall, the dead stems should be cut back close to the rhizome by using a sharp knife. In colder climates, the plant should be brought indoors before the first frost or when temperatures drop to or below 40 degrees Fahrenheit. The plant container should be set on a tray or saucer filled with water. Select a sunny window and keep the room temperature preferably around 60 to 65 degrees Fahrenheit. Dieback in the center of the plant can occur and be unattractive. Consider dividing the plant to maintain its appearance. Best propagated by division of the woody rhizomes or seeds in the spring.

Papyrus forms an erect, clump-like habit of green stems or culms, and each stem is topped with 100 or more thread-like rays that measure 4 to 12 inches long. Clusters of greenish-brown flowers are displayed on the ends of the rays from July to September.  As the flowers fade, a brown, nut-like fruit is formed. The rhizomes are thick and spread along the soil; however, the plant is anchored by numerous woody roots.

This is an exotic and versatile plant that can serve as a backdrop for other plants, and cuttings can be used in floral arrangements. Consider using the papyrus in shallow water at the edge of a water garden, pool, or pond, or as a container planting.  In North Carolina, papyrus can be used as a container plant or annual.

Insects, Diseases, and Other Plant Problems: No significant insect pests or diseases. Mealybugs may be seen, and good air flow can help prevent fungal diseases. Brown foliage is usually caused by inadequate water.

Papyrus grows rapidly and can spread quickly, invading other plant areas. It has escaped cultivation in Florida, California, Louisiana, and Hawaii, and it can become quite invasive by clogging up waterways.