Japanese Banana Musa basjoo

Japanese banana is a fast-growing, herbaceous perennial that has a tropical appearance. It has very large, paddle-shaped, bright green leaves that arch from the pseudo-stem. The thick false stem is created by overlapped or whorled leaves. Clusters of creamy or yellow tubular flowers appear during the summer. They are followed by small ornamental inedible fruits. In warmer climates, it is evergreen, but wherever the Japanese banana is planted it is prized for its tropical foliage and ornamental flowers. 

This plant is native to Sichuan, China. Previously, it was thought that it originated in Japan. 

This herbaceous perennial is a member of the banana family (Musaceae). The genus name is derived from the Arabic name for the fruit, mauz. The specific epithet, basjoo, is derived from the Japanese word "basho" which means banana.

The Japanese banana prefers full sun to partial shade and moist, well-drained, humus-rich, or loam soils. If planted in containers, they should be repotted every other year, If planted outdoors, it is best to plant them in a sheltered area to protect them from strong winds. It grows best in consistently moist soils and should not be allowed to dry out. It is also recommended to fertilize the plant regularly during the growing season. They are propagated by seeds or may be divided about every 5 years. The fruit set takes 12-24 months to appear.

After the Japanese banana flowers and produces fruits, the pseudo-stem dies. The roots generate new shoots or pups that will form a new pseudo-stem.

The Japanese banana is best used as a tropical specimen or a container plant. It can be brought indoors for winter before the first frost and placed in a sunny room for overwintering. Outdoors, the rhizomes are cold hardy to minus 10 degrees Fahrenheit if they are properly pruned and mulched to protect them from freezing temperatures. The plant growth will die back to the ground during the winter in USDA hardiness zones 5 to 8. It is recommended that after the frost kills the leaves, the stems should be cut back to 2 feet high. Burlap, bubble wrap, or plastic wrap may be used to wrap the remaining stems. A thick layer of mulch should be applied around the base of the plant to protect the roots. 

The Japanese banana will add a tropical flare and be your garden centerpiece by your patio or pool.

Seasons of Interest:

Bloom: Summer    Foliage: Spring and Summer (evergreen zones 9-10    Fruits: Summer

Quick ID Hints:

• large, bright green, paddle-shape leaves about 2 feet wide and 6 feet long with a 12 inch long petiole
• leaf sheaths overlap to form a pseudo-stem
• cream to yellow tubular flowers during the summer
• small inedible green or yellow fruits are produced after the flowers

Insects, Diseases, and Other Plant Problems: Potential insect pests for indoor plants are aphids, spider mites, mealybugs, and scale. Outdoor plant insect pests may consist of grasshoppers, borers, and root nematodes. The Japanese banana is susceptible to anthracnose, wilt, and mosaic virus.

VIDEO created by Andy Pulte for “Landscape Plant Identification, Taxonomy, and Morphology” a plant identification course offered by the Department of Plant Sciences, University of Tennessee.