Liquidambar formosana Play pronunciation

Formosa sweet gum is a medium-sized, branching, deciduous shade tree native to South Korea, Central and Southern China, Taiwan, and Vietnam. It grows 40 to 60 feet tall and 25 to 30 feet wide, initially has a pyramidal shape, but later develops a more rounded or oval crown. Its leaves are glossy, deep green, palmately lobed, with 3 to 5 lobes, and the central lobe is the largest and more triangular. Its fall color ranges from reds to yellows. Yellowish-green male and female flowers are produced. The male flowers are catkins, while the females are spherical, non-showy flower clusters appearing from April to May. They produce round, spiky, brown fruits known as "gum balls." Fortunately, these gum balls are softer than those produced by our native sweet gum tree L.styraciflua. Formosa sweet gum is a member of the sweetgum family (Altingiaceae). The specific epithet formosana means "of Formosa' or what is now known as Taiwan.

This tree prefers full sun and a variety of moist, well-drained, non-alkaline soils. It is hardy in zones 7 to 9 and intolerant of shade and alkaline soil. Pruning may be required to develop a strong central leader. Pruning is best done in the late winter or early spring. Remove dead or damaged branches and thin crowded branches to improve air circulation. Propagate through seeds or semi-hardwood cuttings.

This sweet gum gets its common name from the sap that oozes from any wounds on the tree. It is commonly used as a shade tree along streets without sidewalks or in a lawn area more than 6 ft wide. It is also used in bonsai. This tree is also known for its hardiness, durability, and resistance to termites. The wood is used for construction and making furniture. Its leaves are used to feed giant silkworms. 

Best planted as an ornamental tree in large landscapes, such as parks or sizable lawns. Provides excellent shade. 

Insects, Diseases, and Other Plant Problems: Monitor for aphids, spider mites, bagworms, fall webworms, leaf miners, tent caterpillars, borers, and cottony cushion scale. May be susceptible to leaf spots, wood rot, and canker. Iron chlorosis can occur in alkaline soil.  

The fruit may be a litter nuisance to some in the fall and through winter, but this is usually only noticeable on hard surfaces, such as roads, patios, and sidewalks.