Baygall Bush Ilex coriacea

Big gallberry is an evergreen large shrub or small tree in the holly family (Aquifoliaceae) that is found along the coastal plain from Virginia to Florida and west to Texas. In the wild, it is typically found in low wet areas such as swamps, bays, river floodplains, and sandy woods. The species epithet is Latin for “leathery” and highlights the texture of the leaves.

This plant prefers moist to wet, sandy soils in partial or full sun. In the landscape, it can be used along streams or ponds, in naturalized areas, around bogs and moist woodlands, or planted en mass to form a thicket. The flowers bloom on new growth. The berries are eaten by birds and small mammals but, unlike most Ilex species, the fruits drop soon after maturing. Big gallberry does not tolerate root disturbance, especially when mature, so it is best to place the plant in its permanent location. However, the plant is very tolerant of pruning and can be cut right back to old wood if required.

It can reach heights of 20 feet, with a very open crown. It is dioecious meaning each shrub possesses either male or female flowers. Only female plants can produce fruits and then only when pollinated by a male of the same or related species. This species is good nectar source for making honey and prized by beekeepers. 

Our two, native, black-fruited species can be distinguished by their leaves. Inkberry (I. glabra) has leaves less than ½ inch wide, widest above the middle (obovate), and crenate in the distal half. Big gallbery (I. coriacea) has leaves about 1 inch wide, widest at or near the middle, and margins that are entire or have a few, irregularly spaced spines.

This species is suitable for a pollinator, native or winter garden. 

Diseases, Insect Pests, and Other Plant Problems: No known diseases or insect issues.

The Clemson Cooperative Extension Home and Garden Information Center has a factsheet on common diseases and insect pests.  

More information on Ilex.