Hippeastrum

Amaryllis are perennial herbaceous bulbs in the amaryllis family (Amaryllidaceae). They are native to Central America and South America and grow 1 to 3 feet tall and up to 1 foot wide. There are over 100 species and hundreds of cultivars. Please note that the common name Amaryllis is applied both to Hippeastrum species, which are the commonly cultivated bulbs discussed here, and to the genus Amaryllis, which is less commonly cultivated (and comprises only two species native to South Africa).

Amaryllis grow best in full sun or partial shade and in soil high in organic matter and moist but with good drainage. They tolerate drought but need moisture during the active growing season. When planting, bury only half the bulb below the surface with the narrow part of the bulb (the “neck”) well above the soil line. Bulbs may be started indoors in early spring and moved outside for late spring to early summer bloom. Propagate amaryllis by division or seeds. Note that plants are injured at temperatures below 35 degrees F. They can, however, survive the winter outdoors in zones 7 and 8 if properly mulched. In zones below 7, amaryllis bulbs are grown as houseplants for a pop of color during the winter holidays. Pot them between midautumn and late winter for bloom approximately five weeks later.  

Amaryllis bulbs need a dormant period of recovery and rejuvenation after bloom. Remove flower stalks but leave the foliage intact to wither on its own. Reduce watering. When the foliage turns brown, remove it. If the plants are being grown outdoors, add a layer of mulch 2 or 3 inches deep. If the plants are being grown indoors, move them to a cool (50 to 55 degrees F), semi-dark location to rest. Let them be dormant for 8 to 10 weeks. To restart the growth cycle, move plants to a well-lit, warm (70 to 75 degrees F) location and resume watering. 

The large, showy blooms of amaryllis last for three to four weeks making them great for use in borders, cutting gardens, as specimens or garden accents, and as houseplants.  

Diseases, Insects, and Other Plant Problems: Mealybugs are occasional visitors. Watch for snails and slugs if plants are outdoors.

VIDEO Created by Elisabeth Meyer for "Houseplants, Succulents, and Cacti" a plant identification course offered in partnership with Longwood Gardens.