Pumpkin Ash Fraxinus profunda

Pumpkin ash is a broadleaf, deciduous tree in the olive family (Oleaceae). It is native to eastern North America, including NC. The specific epithet is Latin for “deep” and likely refers to the fact that this tree can grow in deepwater swamps.

Pumpkin ash does best in consistently moist to wet loam soil which can be clay or sandy in full sun or light shade. It will not tolerate dry soils.

Pumpkin ash is a large tree needing a large space. It has an open crown and can reach heights of 125 feet, but typically it will mature at 60 to 80 feet. Its natural habitat includes consistently moist areas such as swamps, floodplains, river valleys, and other low areas. It is quite often found growing along with bald cypress. When growing in an area that remains wet during the growing season, the trunk may become swollen at the base, somewhat resembling a pumpkin, thus its common name. An alternative explanation for the common name is that it is a corruption of the Pamunkey River (Virginia), along which this species is abundant. The twigs are stout, fuzzy, and light gray-brown. The leaf scars are oval (not deeply notched). Its species are dioecious, that is, separate male and female trees. The female tree will bear fruit in late summer to early fall. 

Insects, Diseases and Other Plant Problems:  Due to its high susceptibility to emerald ash borer, this tree is no longer recommended. Trees will typically succumb within 3 to 5 years of infestation. It is also affected by lilac borer, and carpenter worms. Diseases include fungal leaf spot, powdery mildew, rust, and cankers. Its limbs are brittle and often damaged by high winds. See potential insect and disease problem factsheets to the left.