Bermuda Grass Cynodon

Bermudagrass is Cynodon dactylon or, more commonly in North Carolina, the hybrid between C. dactylon and C. transvaalensis. It is a warm-season, perennial turfgrass, although it can also be considered a perennial weed when found growing in locations where it is unwanted. Bermudagrass is a mat-forming, medium- to fine-textured grass that is suitable for lawns and public areas. Bermudagrass spreads by rhizomes, stolons, and seeds (except hybrids) and tolerates a wide range of soil types and pH ranging from 5.0-8.5. This grass spreads vigorously.

Bermudagrass grows best in average, dry to medium, well-drained soil in full sun and warm temperatures. It does not grow well under low light (shaded) conditions but does tolerate heat and drought. To maintain it as a turfgrass, mow regularly to a height of 3/4 inch to 2 inches tall, fertilize during the growing season (May to August), and use soil barriers to prevent spread into adjacent areas. Some winter kill is to be expected when winter temperatures dip below 10 degrees F. It needs regular dethatching if heavily fertilized. Hybrid bermudagrass cultivars must be propagated vegetatively; seeded cultivars can be propagated by seeds or by vegetative means.

Bermudagrass is widely used on athletic fields and golf course fairways due to its high tolerance for heavy traffic and rapid recovery time. In some turf settings, it is considered very invasive and difficult to control weed. Refer to TurfFiles for cultural and chemical management.  

It serves as a food source for Skipper butterflies (Lepidoptera) which is often termed as an intermediate between butterflies and moths.  

Diseases, Insects, and Other Plant Problems: No serious insect or disease problems. White grubs are the most common insect problem. Additional insects of concern include sod webworms, cutworms, armyworms, nematodes and mole crickets. Watch for mites. With its high production of pollen, it can be a major cause of hay fever.

The Clemson Cooperative Extension Home and Garden Information Center has a factsheet on common southern lawn diseases.