Persian Violet Cyclamen

Cyclamen is the name for a genus of 23 species of flowering herbaceous perennials that grow from a tuber. They are a member of the family Primulaceae or primrose family. They prefer to be planted under trees or shrubs and are best planted with other small plants. They have a mounded growth habit. Their leaves may be heart-shaped or kidney-shaped with marbled variegations. The blooms range in color from white, pink, magenta, red, or lavender. They typically bloom from fall to spring. 

The genus, Cyclamen, is native to Europe to Iran, and Northeast Somalia. Most of the Cyclamen species are native to the Mediterranean. They typically grow in rocky areas and prefer hot dry summers and cool wet winters. They are dormant during the summer. The population of wild Cyclamen has decreased due to the depletion from commercial trade. Some species are now endangered in the wild.

Cyclamen comes from the Latin word "cyclamnos." It is derived from the Greek word "kylos," which means circle or wheel. This refers to the shape of the plant's tubers. Cyclamen has many common names, including its genus name. Other common names include Alpine Violet, Persian Violet, and Sowbread. The name Sowbread originated because apparently, pigs like to dig and eat the tubers. Cyclamens are not Violets nor are they native to Persia. It is unclear how the Persian Violet name originated.

The plant may tolerate many soil types but prefers slightly acidic soils. Well-drained soil and bright indirect sunlight are recommended, Since the plant is dormant in the summer, it is very sensitive to excessive moisture at that time. They prefer temperate climates, but some species are more cold-hardy than others. The USDA Hardiness Zones may vary, depending on the species. The species Cyclamen hederifolium, Cyclamen cilicium, and Cyclamen coun can tolerate USDA Hardiness Zones 4a to 8b. Other species zones, such as Cyclamen persicum, may range from 9a to 11b. The depth of planting the tubers also varies between species. Some species are easy to grow, and others are more difficult.

Cyclamen may be propagated by division or seeds. They are best divided during their dormant period. They can be challenging because the tubers dry out quickly and may rot. Propagation by seeds requires that the seeds be fresh, and sometimes germination can be erratic.

The leaves are dark green and have unique silver variegations depending on the species. They may be heart-shaped, kidney-shaped, or circular and appear alternately on the erect stalk. The flowers give the appearance of a delicate winged-butterfly in colors of white, red, pink, magenta, or lavender. Some flowers are scented. The fruits are small capsules that are 5-7 chambered that contain sticky seeds. 

Bees pollinate the flowers.

Cyclamens are colorful and add interest to the garden in the fall, winter, and spring. When planting outdoors, ensure that the species you have selected is cold hardy to your area and is adaptable. Some species are easier to grow than others.

Diseases, Pests, and Other Problems:

Cyclamen in the garden has no serious insect or disease problems. Aphids, weevils, and thrips may be seen. Tuber rot may occur from overwatering.