Brassica oleracea (Brussels Sprouts Group)

This group of cool weather hybrids contains Brussels sprouts, originally developed in the 5th century in Europe possibly in ancient Rome. In the 13th  century, they were cultivated near Brussels, Belgium from which they got their common name.

The plants can grow 2-4 feet tall and wide on a thick stalk. They do best in full sun and in any amended garden soil. They can be started from seed or purchased as seedlings and planted in either spring or fall. The plants are cold tolerant to 20 degrees. Provide adequate nitrogen for best results. Get a soil test before planting and fertilize according to the results.

The small round buds grow in a helical pattern and develop into 1-3 inch diameter buds resembling little cabbages on the thick stems. A frost will sweeten the flavor and they can be eaten raw or cooked.

Plant in the edible garden or mix among the perennials to provide some green during fall and winter. Brussels sprouts are difficult to grow in the south as they prefer cool summer areas and are slow-growing.

Insects, Diseases and Other Plant Problems: Cabbageworms, caterpillars, slugs, flea beetles and aphids are insects that may affect the plant.  Diseases include leaf spots, black rot, and blackleg. See pests of crucifers to the left.

The Clemson Cooperative Extension Home and Garden Information Center has a factsheet on common Cole crop diseases and other plant problems.

More information on Brassica oleracea

VIDEO Created by Elisabeth Meyer for "Edibles, Bulbs, and Houseplants" a plant identification course offered in partnership with Longwood Gardens.  

More information on Brassica oleracea.