Platycerium

Platycerium is a genus of epiphytic ferns native to the tropical and subtropical areas of Africa, Australia, South America, and Southeast Asia. It has 17 accepted species and is a member of the polypody family (Polypodiaceae). These ferns are found in the rainforests growing in the branches of trees. The roots of the ferns are feed by the organic matter that becomes trapped in the trees branches. The plants of this genus have a unique growth habit and unusual frond patterns. The genus name, Platycerium, comes from the Greek words, platys which means "broad," and keras, which means "horn." This references the fronds of this genus. Most of the fronds of plants in this genus resemble the forked antlers of male deer or elk, while other species may have fan-shaped fronds or resemble elephant ears. 

These ferns need bright indirect light, warm temperatures, and moderate humidity. The ferns in this genus are epiphytes, and they typically do not grow in soil in their native habitats but are found attached to trees. Small plants can be grown as houseplants in small containers of rich and well-drained potting medium of sphagnum or peat moss. They can also be mounted on wooden boards, wired baskets, or slabs of bark. Some type of support such as wire or fishing line is needed to keep the ferns in place until they become established. New growth will cover the support and will be no longer noticeable. Filtered water or rain water is best for these plants, and they need consistent moisture especially during the summer. Allow the potting medium to dry out some between watering, but be sure to avoid overwatering. If the humidity is too low, consider misting the plant. These plants take in water from the air as well as from the potting medium. Temperatures 55 to 75 degrees Fahrenheit are recommended and good air circulation should be provided. Fertilize these plants monthly in the spring and summer with a balanced diluted liquid fertilizer. These ferns can be propagated by division or from the small pups. Propagation by spores is very slow and difficult process. 

The size, shape, and colors of the fronds vary between the species and is also dependent on the growing conditions. Some species are also more cold tolerant than others.

Platycerium produces two types of fronds.

Basal fronds:  sterile, small, flat leaves at the base of the plant, covers the root structure, collect water, collect fallen plant debris, usually turn brown with age, form a nest, and are called shields

Foliar fronds:  fertile, long, branching, up to 4 feet long, green, bluish-green, or gray-green, flat, bear spore cases on the underside of the fronds, and can be antler-shaped, fan-shaped, or elephant ear-shaped 

Plants of this genus are quite popular and more readily available commercially. They typically are used in hanging baskets or mounted on boards that hang on the wall as an ornamental. Remember that these plants require bright, indirect light, warm temperatures, and high humidity to thrive. Proper placement is essential in order for these plants to grow and thrive. Bathrooms or kitchens should be considered as areas for increased humidity.

Insects, Diseases, and Other Plant Problems:  Monitor of mealybugs, aphids, and scale insects. These plants are sensitive to overwatering as well as underwatering. Overwatering causes root rot. Direct light can cause bleaching or blotching on the fronds.