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Haworthiopsis attenuata

Common Name(s):

Previously known as:

  • Aloe attenuata
  • Haworthia attenuata
  • Haworthia pumila subsp. attenuata
Phonetic Spelling
ha-worth-ee-OP-sis at-ten-yoo-AY-tuh
Description

The zebra plant is a popular succulent perennial that is native to the Cape Provinces of South Africa. It is slow growing and has a long life span of up to 50 years. In the wild, these plants grow in very harsh conditions and are commonly found buried in sand. It is a member of the day lily family (Asphodelaceae). The epithet attenuata means "thinned or reduced," and references how the leaves gradually narrow to thread-like tips.

For gardeners, the zebra plant is easy to grow, preferring a well-draining cactus or succulent potting mix. This plant can grow well indoors or outdoors and is hardy in USDA zones 9 to 11. The plant tolerates brief periods of cold, but it is not frost-tolerant. While they are somewhat tolerant of low-light conditions, they prefer bright indirect sunlight, which also produces the best colors in the leaves. Avoid over-watering and allow the soil to dry out between waterings. The plant thrives in temperatures between 60 to 80 degrees and tolerates the humidity levels typically found in homes. Avoid cold drafts and temperatures below 50 degrees Fahrenheit. The zebra plant produces pups and offsets and to propagate these plants, separate the pups or remove the offshoots from the parent plant. It may be also propagated by leaf cuttings, but rarely by seeds. 

This plant is small, stemless, and has a clumping habit that forms into compact star-shaped rosettes that may spread out creating a carpet. It measures up to 4 to 12 inches tall and 6 inches to 2 feet wide. The leaves are stiff, linear, pointed, dark green and have horizontal white bumpy stripes or tubercles. The flowers are tubular, pale to dark pink, and bloom in clusters on long slender stems. The zebra plant is sometimes mistaken for and sold under the much rarer species Haworthiopsis fasciata– they can be distinguished by the fact that H. attenuata has a bumpy surface all around its leaves while the upper leaf surface of H. fasciata is smooth.

The zebra plant is grown as an ornamental and can be used in terrariums, or used as a container plant in small spaces such as a windowsill or desktop. In warmer climates, it may be planted outdoors in containers or placed in a rock garden. It requires very little maintenance and is non-toxic to pets and humans. 

The genus Haworthiopsis was formerly included within Haworthia (q.v. for a discussion of the differences between the genera).

Diseases, Insect Pests, and Other Plant Problems:  Monitor for scale and mealybugs. Excessive watering can cause root rot. Leaf spot and fungal diseases can occur if the soil is too wet or if water is left on the leaves. Fading of the leaf patterns can occur if the plant has inadequate light. Direct sunlight can scorch the leaves.

VIDEO Created by Elisabeth Meyer for "Houseplants, Succulents, and Cacti", a plant identification course offered in partnership with Longwood Gardens.

Profile Video:
See this plant in the following landscape:
Cultivars / Varieties:
  • f. caespitosa
    The white spots form bands across the leaves
  • f. Enon
    miniature succulent, lime green leaves speckled with raised white dots
  • 'Super Clone'
    small succulent, green leaves with scattered white tubercles, horizontal white bands on the underside
f. caespitosa, f. Enon, 'Super Clone'
Tags:
#houseplant#drought tolerant#succulent#easy to grow#bright light#pet friendly#well-drained soil#rock garden#non-toxic for horses#non-toxic for dogs#non-toxic for cats#container plant#easy to grow houseplant#perennial#partial shade
 
Cultivars / Varieties:
  • f. caespitosa
    The white spots form bands across the leaves
  • f. Enon
    miniature succulent, lime green leaves speckled with raised white dots
  • 'Super Clone'
    small succulent, green leaves with scattered white tubercles, horizontal white bands on the underside
f. caespitosa, f. Enon, 'Super Clone'
Tags:
#houseplant#drought tolerant#succulent#easy to grow#bright light#pet friendly#well-drained soil#rock garden#non-toxic for horses#non-toxic for dogs#non-toxic for cats#container plant#easy to grow houseplant#perennial#partial shade
  • Attributes:
    Genus:
    Haworthiopsis
    Species:
    attenuata
    Family:
    Asphodelaceae
    Life Cycle:
    Perennial
    Recommended Propagation Strategy:
    Division
    Leaf Cutting
    Seed
    Country Or Region Of Origin:
    Cape Provinces of South Africa
    Distribution:
    Introduced: Mexico Central and Mexico Southwest
    Play Value:
    Colorful
    Easy to Grow
    Dimensions:
    Height: 0 ft. 4 in. - 1 ft. 0 in.
    Width: 0 ft. 8 in. - 2 ft. 2 in.
  • Whole Plant Traits:
    Plant Type:
    Houseplant
    Perennial
    Succulent
    Habit/Form:
    Clumping
    Creeping
    Erect
    Growth Rate:
    Slow
    Maintenance:
    Low
    Texture:
    Medium
  • Cultural Conditions:
    Light:
    Partial Shade (Direct sunlight only part of the day, 2-6 hours)
    Soil Texture:
    Loam (Silt)
    Sand
    Shallow Rocky
    Soil pH:
    Acid (<6.0)
    Alkaline (>8.0)
    Neutral (6.0-8.0)
    Soil Drainage:
    Good Drainage
    Occasionally Dry
    Available Space To Plant:
    Less than 12 inches
    USDA Plant Hardiness Zone:
    9a, 9b, 10a, 10b, 11a, 11b
  • Fruit:
    Fruit Type:
    Capsule
    Fruit Description:
    Capsule ovoid to oblong, 3-locular. Seeds with angles winged.
  • Flowers:
    Flower Color:
    Pink
    White
    Flower Inflorescence:
    Raceme
    Flower Value To Gardener:
    Showy
    Flower Bloom Time:
    Spring
    Summer
    Flower Shape:
    Tubular
    Flower Size:
    < 1 inch
    Flower Description:
    Produces small, tubular, white to pale pink blossoms that appear in clusters on a thin, straw-like stalk. Bloom in late spring to early summer.
  • Leaves:
    Leaf Color:
    Green
    White
    Leaf Feel:
    Fleshy
    Smooth
    Leaf Value To Gardener:
    Long-lasting
    Showy
    Leaf Type:
    Simple
    Leaf Arrangement:
    Rosulate
    Leaf Shape:
    Lanceolate
    Linear
    Leaf Margin:
    Entire
    Hairs Present:
    No
    Leaf Description:
    Opaque, stiff, dark green, linear leaves with horizontal white bumpy spots on both surfaces. The leaves are entire. Bright light can cause many different colors to develop in the leaves.
  • Stem:
    Stem Is Aromatic:
    No
    Stem Description:
    Stemless
  • Landscape:
    Landscape Location:
    Container
    Houseplants
    Patio
    Rock Wall
    Landscape Theme:
    Rock Garden
    Design Feature:
    Accent
    Resistance To Challenges:
    Drought