Bursera simaruba

Gumbo Limbo is a large, drought-tolerant, flowering semi-evergreen tree in the Burseraceae family native to tropical regions of Florida and South America. In its native environment, it is often found in dry forests, but sometimes in wetter forests. In the wetter areas of its range, it is found on slopes where the soil is shallow and dries quickly. It has a single trunk that is smooth and red, bright green leaves, and small creamy white flowers. The fruits are edible succulent red berries. It is sometimes called the tourist tree because the bark is smooth and reddish with peeling pieces, resembling a tourist's sunburned skin. The genus name honors Joachim Burser (1583-1649), a German physician and botanist. The species name was chosen by Linnaeus and refers to Simarouba amara (at various times spelled Simaruba). He knew both plants to be medicinal and native to Central America and northern South America.

Gumbo Limbo can be grown in full sun and tolerates sandy, loamy, or clay soils that are well-drained. It will do well in neutral or alkaline soils and prefers dry or moist soil. Once established, it can tolerate drought, strong winds, and moderate maritime exposure. This tree is considered highly tolerant of tropical storm damage, but is frost tender. Propagate by seed or small branch cuttings (larger branches may produce a tree with no taproot and have reduced structural integrity). Farmers sometimes cut branches and stick them into the ground, producing a "living fence" to delineate property lines and pastures. This tree typically sheds its foliage during the drier, winter season or in the spring as new growth is pushed out.

The tree is low maintenance and can be pruned back hard. It is a dioecious species, meaning both male and female forms need to be grown if seed is required. The tree typically sees duty as a shade or street tree. It was used by the Maya as an incense and is still concentrated, dried and used in modern South America as incense in churches.

Diseases, Insect Pests, and Other Plant Problems:

No known diseases or pest issues. Surface roots sometimes rise up and cause issues with mowing and sidewalk heaving. The lowest branches of mature trees can sweep close to the ground, which can be an asset for an accent tree in an open space, but less desirable on a pathway. Early pruning is highly recommended for street trees.