Ebony Spleenwort Asplenium platyneuron

Ebony Spleenwort is a diminutive evergreen fern in the Spleenwort family (Aspleniaceae). It has a surprising natural distribution, being native to both South Africa and eastern North America. It grows in a broad range of habitats such as rocky banks and outcrops, disturbed sites, fields and wooded slopes. The species epithet means flat or broad nerve and refers to the prominent central vein on young, undivided fronds.  

This fern grows best in well-drained, rocky soils, in shade to part sun, with dry to medium moisture. It is not sensitive to pH but prefers acidic conditions with a pH of 4.5 to 5. 

It is characterized by its dimorphic fronds. Sterile evergreen fronds are lighter green, glossy, slightly arching or may lay close to or flat on the ground. Fertile deciduous fronds are erect, dark green and die off in the winter. The central stem (stipe) is dark brown (and the source of the common name). Ebony Spleenwort reproduces by spores and vegetatively by forming buds near the base of the base either sterile or fertile fronds. Pale button-like buds appear on the upper side of the lowest leaflets. When buds fall off and contact soil, they produce new ferns as the parent plant dies off. The upright form of the fertile fronds ensures efficient spore dispersal by wind. This fern is known to hybridize naturally with other species, producing sterile offspring. Some Canadian Provinces and U.S. states consider this plant a vulnerable or endangered species. 

It is easy to grow and suitable for woodland or native plant gardens in dry, rocky, shady crevices. Shade or woodland gardens are appropriate settings. 

Insects, Diseases, and other Plant Problems: This fern has no major diseases but is susceptible to slugs and black fern aphid. If conditions remain too wet, it may be susceptible to crown rot.

VIDEO Created by NC State Extension's Homegrown series featuring Mark Weathington, Director of JC Raulston Arboretum.