Philodendron

Philodendron is a genus of over 600 species in the Arum family (Araceae). They are found in the understory of tropical forests of Central and South America. In their native habitats, they tend to climb on tree trunks or grow as epiphytes. The genus name, Philodendron, is derived from the Greek words, phileo meaning "to love" and dendron meaning "tree."

The plants of this genus prefer high humidity, bright indirect sunlight, warm temperatures, and moist, well-drained soil that is high in organic matter. Avoid direct sunlight because that can scorch the leaves. Some varieties may require more light than others. The ideal temperature for Philodendrons is between 65 and 85 degrees Fahrenheit. They are very sensitive to cold;  therefore, drafts should be avoided. They prefer high humidity, but they usually can adapt to an average home's humidity level. If the climate is very dry, consider a humidifier or placing the plant on a tray of pebbles filled with water. Pruning may be needed to help maintain the plant's shape. Repot your plant when it becomes root or pot-bound. Spring is the best time for repotting.

The genus is divided into two main types: climbing and non-climbing. The climbing or vining types have aerial roots that attach themselves to surfaces such as a pole or trellis. They include Philodendron hederaceum and Philodendron erubescens. The non-climbing or self-heading types grow upright and include Philodendron bipinnatifidum and hybrids such as 'Birkin' and ' Moonlight.'  This type has very short stems and leaves held in a rosette. Their leaves are large and have a variety of shapes. Both types are popular houseplants for the home or office. They are beautiful, easy to grow, and long-lasting.

Depending on the species, the plant size can vary from 3 feet to 15-30 feet tall, and the leaves also vary in shape, size, and texture The leaf size can range from 3 inches to 3 feet long. The leaf color is typically green, but some may be copper, red, or purple. The leaf texture varies from glossy to velvet. The leaf shape may be heart-shaped, arrow-shaped, or pinnatifid (lobed with deep sinuses). The inflorescence is a spathe and spadix (typical for the Arum family), and the fruit is a white, red or orange berry. Young and mature plants can have very different appearances, making species identification difficult. 

Philodendron hederaceum is the most common variety of houseplant and has solid green leaves. 'Brazil' is a popular cultivar and has a yellow band along the center of each leaf. Philodendron bipinnatifidum or Tree philodendron is typically used in warmer climates as a foundation plant, growing up to 12 to 15 feet tall, semi-woody, and has dark green deeply dissected leaves.

Insects, Diseases, and Other Plant Problems:  Monitor for mealybugs, aphids, scale, thrips, and spider mites. Overwatering can cause root rot. Leaf spots can occur but may be prevented by increased air circulation and by keeping the leaves from getting wet.