Anthurium

Anthurium is a genus of over 1300 species of tropical herbaceous perennials that are native to the Caribbean, Central America, and South America. They are members of the Arum family (Araceae). The plants are evergreen and grow 1 to 3 feet tall and 9 inches to 1 foot wide and may be terrestrial or epiphytic. They thrive outdoors in tropical climates and bloom in the spring and summer. In cooler climates, they are desired for their foliage and showy, long-lasting blooms as houseplants.

Most species are erect plants with glossy, waxy, heart-shaped, deep green leaves. Their blooms may be red, pink, orange, or white inflorescence that consists of a shiny, leathery spathe and rod-like spadix. The habit, leaf size, and shape may vary depending on the species. Some species have palmately compound leaves, such as Anthurium polyschistum. Another species, Anthurium scandens, has a climbing habit. Anthurium andraeanum is the anthurium used in floral arrangements. Anthurium andraeanum has a straight spadix, and Anthurium scherzerianum has a corkscrew-like spadix and is a smaller plant. Some species have a fragrant sweet and fruity scent while others are rather unpleasant. 

Anthuriums prefer bright, indirect sunlight, moist well-drained soil, and warm and very humid conditions. Too little light will cause fewer blooms, and the plant will grow more slowly. South or west-facing windows are best, but direct sunlight can scorch their leaves. Leaf tips turn brown if the humidity is too low. Many growers keep their houseplants in terraria or growing-cabinets. Water when the soil is dry to the touch. Rainwater or purified water is best. They thrive at temperatures between 65 to 85 degrees Fahrenheit. In non-tropical areas, these plants will not survive outdoors during the winter. High-phosphorus fertilizer will encourage more blooms as will pruning away old spent blooms. Wipe down the leaves of indoor plants periodically to remove dust. The plants may be propagated by stem cuttings or seeds. These plants can be high-maintenance divas, but well-grown plants are very beautiful and admired by all.

Several of the species are popular houseplants, and some are grown for the florist trade due to their showy, long-lasting blooms. The plant is an excellent choice for improving air quality and will also be a beautiful addition to your home or office. If small children or pets are present be aware that these plants are toxic if ingested. In that case, you may want to consider placing the plant on a high shelf or using a hanging basket,

Quick ID Hints:

• Spadix and pink to reddish spathe are at right angles to each other
• Leaves are leathery, with truncate to cordate base
• Short stems develop as the plant ages.
• Aerial roots may be present.

Insects, Diseases, and Other Plant Problems:  Monitor for mealybugs, spider mites, whiteflies, scale, aphids, and thrips. Overwatering may cause root rot. Inadequate light will reduce growth and the number of blooms. 

VIDEO Created by Laura Barth for "Houseplants, Succulents, and Cacti", a plant identification course offered in partnership with Longwood Gardens.