Elephant's-Ear Alocasia
Other plants called Elephant's-Ear:
Previously known as:
- Panzhuyuia
- Phonetic Spelling
- ah-loh-KAY-see-ah
- This plant has medium severity poison characteristics.
- See below
- Description
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Alocasia is a genus of 80 species of tuberous, herbaceous perennials in the Arum family (Araceae) from the tropical and subtropical regions of Asia and eastern Australia where rainfall is plentiful. Here it is grown as an ornamental indoor houseplant, or it may be grown outdoors during warmer months in a container or as a border plant. The plants of this genus have colorful, large, heart-shaped or arrow-shaped leaves that resemble elephant ears and measure 12 to 36 inches long. The leaf color, size, and shape vary depending on the species or cultivar. The leaves frequently have distinctive veining. The inflorescence is a creamy white, unbranched spadix of tiny flowers surrounded by a leaflike, hooded spathe. The size of the plants will also vary. In tropical areas the plant can reach up to 10 feet tall; whereas, an indoor houseplant will be much smaller.
Elephant's Ear grows best where annual daytime temperatures range from 68 to 77 degrees Fahrenheit. The plant prefers a shaded site with slightly acidic, moist, well-drained, humus-rich, fertile loam, though it does tolerate a wide range of soil types. Corms may be started indoors in pots or containers and set outside after the last frost date. Water and fertilize regularly. Plants can typically take up to 600 days to mature. Before the first fall frost, dig up the pots and bring them inside where they can be overwintered. Reduce watering in winter and return to the garden in spring. The tubers can also be removed from the soil and stored in a cool, dry location during the winter. The plants can be propagated by division of offsets.
Many species of this plant are thermogenic, meaning that the spadix heats up when the flowers are open. This heat increases the aroma released by the plant, attracting more pollinating insects and keeping them active.
There are many ways to display these plants. Small plants are often found as indoor houseplants. Larger specimens could be displayed as a floor plant in an office or lobby. If temperatures and moisture levels permit, the plant could be used as a summer ornamental on a patio or shady border. However, if grown in a pot, the plant will typically not reach its full height. Use this plant with caution around small children and pets.
Diseases, Pests, and Other Plant Problems: Alocasia are prone to spider mites. Monitor for aphids and mealybugs. Root rot and leaf spots can occur from overwatering. Yellowing leaves can occur from overwatering, too little water, or inadequate light. The plant is susceptible to high winds, and if sited outdoors, should be in a protected area. Some Alocasia species are considered invasive in the United States, particularly along the Gulf Coast.
- See this plant in the following landscape:
- Cultivars / Varieties:
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- Alocasia baginda 'Dragon Scale'
rare variety, compact habit, thick, textured, arrow-shaped, silvery-green leaves with dark green leaf veins
Alocasia 'Calidora'
- Alocasia clypeolata 'Green Shield'
glossy, waxy green leaves with dark green veins - Alocasia cuprea 'Red Secret'
leaves are deeply ridged, initially coppery green, and mature to metallic red with black veins, maroon undersides - Alocasia 'Low Rider'
dwarf of Alocasia 'Portora,' up to 2 feet tall, glossy, heart-shaped, green leaves, wavy margins, cold hardy zone 7b - Alocasia macrorrhizos 'Borneo Giant'
Up to 15 feet tall, upright, clumping habit, large, bright green, rippled leaves that measure 3 feet long and 4 feet wide - Alocasia macrorrhizos (Giant Taro)
large, glossy, arrow-shaped, ruffled green leaves that measure 3 to 6 feet in length and 2 to 4 feet wide - Alocasia macrorrhizos 'Metallica'
up to 8 feet tall, large, glossy, heart-shaped, silvery-green leaves with purple veins - Alocasia micholitziana 'Frydek'
narrow, arrow-shaped, velvet-like, dark green leaves with bright white veins, undersides are burgundy - Alocasia 'Portora' (A. portei x A. odora)
large, arrow-shaped, ruffled, ribbed green leaves with purple stems - Alocasia reginula (Black Velvet Elephant Ear)
up to 1.5 feet tall at maturity, thick, texture, dark green to black leaves with silver veins - Alocasia sanderiana (Kris Plant)
up to 2 feet in length, glossy, dark green leaves with white or silvery veins, wavy or serrated edges, resembles a kris dagger
Alocasia sarawakensis 'Yucatan Princess'
- Alocasia 'Sarian' (A. zebrina x A. micholitziana)
5 to 10 feet tall, dark green, arrow-shaped leaves with bright white main veins, wavy margins
Alocasia x mortfontanensis (A. longiloba x A. sanderi)
- Alocasia zebrina (Zebra Alocasia)
matures up to 3 feet tall and wide, large, dark green, arrow-shaped leaves with white and green striped stems
5 to 9 ft tall or more with large, glossy, green heart-shaped leaves, and prominent veins
mutation, matures 4 to 8 feet tall, glossy, grayish-green leaves with maroon to dark brown undersides and stems
large, smooth, thick arrow-shaped medium to dark green leaves with lime-white veins, wavy margins - Alocasia baginda 'Dragon Scale'
- Alocasia baginda 'Dragon Scale', Alocasia 'Calidora', Alocasia clypeolata 'Green Shield', Alocasia cuprea 'Red Secret', Alocasia 'Low Rider', Alocasia macrorrhizos 'Borneo Giant', Alocasia macrorrhizos (Giant Taro), Alocasia macrorrhizos 'Metallica', Alocasia micholitziana 'Frydek', Alocasia 'Portora' (A. portei x A. odora), Alocasia reginula (Black Velvet Elephant Ear), Alocasia sanderiana (Kris Plant), Alocasia sarawakensis 'Yucatan Princess', Alocasia 'Sarian' (A. zebrina x A. micholitziana), Alocasia x mortfontanensis (A. longiloba x A. sanderi), Alocasia zebrina (Zebra Alocasia)
- Tags:
- Cultivars / Varieties:
-
- Alocasia baginda 'Dragon Scale'
rare variety, compact habit, thick, textured, arrow-shaped, silvery-green leaves with dark green leaf veins
Alocasia 'Calidora'
- Alocasia clypeolata 'Green Shield'
glossy, waxy green leaves with dark green veins - Alocasia cuprea 'Red Secret'
leaves are deeply ridged, initially coppery green, and mature to metallic red with black veins, maroon undersides - Alocasia 'Low Rider'
dwarf of Alocasia 'Portora,' up to 2 feet tall, glossy, heart-shaped, green leaves, wavy margins, cold hardy zone 7b - Alocasia macrorrhizos 'Borneo Giant'
Up to 15 feet tall, upright, clumping habit, large, bright green, rippled leaves that measure 3 feet long and 4 feet wide - Alocasia macrorrhizos (Giant Taro)
large, glossy, arrow-shaped, ruffled green leaves that measure 3 to 6 feet in length and 2 to 4 feet wide - Alocasia macrorrhizos 'Metallica'
up to 8 feet tall, large, glossy, heart-shaped, silvery-green leaves with purple veins - Alocasia micholitziana 'Frydek'
narrow, arrow-shaped, velvet-like, dark green leaves with bright white veins, undersides are burgundy - Alocasia 'Portora' (A. portei x A. odora)
large, arrow-shaped, ruffled, ribbed green leaves with purple stems - Alocasia reginula (Black Velvet Elephant Ear)
up to 1.5 feet tall at maturity, thick, texture, dark green to black leaves with silver veins - Alocasia sanderiana (Kris Plant)
up to 2 feet in length, glossy, dark green leaves with white or silvery veins, wavy or serrated edges, resembles a kris dagger
Alocasia sarawakensis 'Yucatan Princess'
- Alocasia 'Sarian' (A. zebrina x A. micholitziana)
5 to 10 feet tall, dark green, arrow-shaped leaves with bright white main veins, wavy margins
Alocasia x mortfontanensis (A. longiloba x A. sanderi)
- Alocasia zebrina (Zebra Alocasia)
matures up to 3 feet tall and wide, large, dark green, arrow-shaped leaves with white and green striped stems
5 to 9 ft tall or more with large, glossy, green heart-shaped leaves, and prominent veins
mutation, matures 4 to 8 feet tall, glossy, grayish-green leaves with maroon to dark brown undersides and stems
large, smooth, thick arrow-shaped medium to dark green leaves with lime-white veins, wavy margins - Alocasia baginda 'Dragon Scale'
- Alocasia baginda 'Dragon Scale', Alocasia 'Calidora', Alocasia clypeolata 'Green Shield', Alocasia cuprea 'Red Secret', Alocasia 'Low Rider', Alocasia macrorrhizos 'Borneo Giant', Alocasia macrorrhizos (Giant Taro), Alocasia macrorrhizos 'Metallica', Alocasia micholitziana 'Frydek', Alocasia 'Portora' (A. portei x A. odora), Alocasia reginula (Black Velvet Elephant Ear), Alocasia sanderiana (Kris Plant), Alocasia sarawakensis 'Yucatan Princess', Alocasia 'Sarian' (A. zebrina x A. micholitziana), Alocasia x mortfontanensis (A. longiloba x A. sanderi), Alocasia zebrina (Zebra Alocasia)
- Tags:
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Attributes:
- Genus:
- Alocasia
- Family:
- Araceae
- Life Cycle:
- Perennial
- Recommended Propagation Strategy:
- Division
- Country Or Region Of Origin:
- Tropical and Subtropical Asia To Eastern Australia
- Distribution:
- Native: Bangladesh, Borneo, Cambodia, China, East Himalaya, India, Japan, Laos, Malaya, Myanmar, Nepal, New South Wales, Philippines, Queensland, Sri Lanka, Taiwan Thailand, Vietnam, West Himalaya. Introduced: Brazil, Costa Rica Cuba, Dominican Republic, Haiti, Honduras, Jamaica, New Zealand, Nicaragua, Paraguay, Portugal, Puerto Rico, Sudan, Tibet, Tonga, Trinidad-Tobago, Venezuela, and the United States--Hawaii.
- Fire Risk Rating:
- low flammability
- Play Value:
- Colorful
- Particularly Resistant To (Insects/Diseases/Other Problems):
- Deer resistance
- Bulb Storage:
- Store in a dry and cool location.
- Edibility:
- The corm and stem can be eaten but must be thoroughly cooked to destroy the calcium oxalate crystals. Once cooked, it can be used as a cooked vegetable added to soups and stews.
- Dimensions:
- Height: 2 ft. 0 in. - 10 ft. 0 in.
- Width: 2 ft. 0 in. - 10 ft. 0 in.
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Whole Plant Traits:
- Plant Type:
- Herbaceous Perennial
- Houseplant
- Poisonous
- Habit/Form:
- Erect
- Growth Rate:
- Rapid
- Maintenance:
- Low
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Cultural Conditions:
- Light:
- Dappled Sunlight (Shade through upper canopy all day)
- Partial Shade (Direct sunlight only part of the day, 2-6 hours)
- Soil Texture:
- Clay
- Loam (Silt)
- Sand
- Soil pH:
- Acid (<6.0)
- Neutral (6.0-8.0)
- Soil Drainage:
- Good Drainage
- Moist
- Available Space To Plant:
- 6-feet-12 feet
- USDA Plant Hardiness Zone:
- 10a, 10b, 11a, 11b, 12a, 12b
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Flowers:
- Flower Color:
- Cream/Tan
- Green
- White
- Flower Inflorescence:
- Spadix
- Flower Bloom Time:
- Spring
- Summer
- Flower Description:
- Flowers are seldom seen. However, they are small, clustered on a creamy white spadix, and surrounded by a modified greenish leaf or spathe.
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Leaves:
- Leaf Color:
- Brown/Copper
- Gray/Silver
- Green
- Red/Burgundy
- Variegated
- Leaf Value To Gardener:
- Showy
- Leaf Type:
- Simple
- Leaf Shape:
- Cordate
- Leaf Margin:
- Undulate
- Hairs Present:
- No
- Leaf Length:
- > 6 inches
- Leaf Description:
- The leaves are heart to arrowhead-shaped (12 to 36 inches long), each held singly atop long and sturdy succulent stems. Leaves are prominently veined and sometimes variegated.
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Stem:
- Stem Is Aromatic:
- No
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Landscape:
- Landscape Location:
- Container
- Hanging Baskets
- Houseplants
- Landscape Theme:
- Rain Garden
- Design Feature:
- Accent
- Border
- Problems:
- Contact Dermatitis
- Poisonous to Humans
- Problem for Cats
- Problem for Children
- Problem for Dogs
- Problem for Horses
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Poisonous to Humans:
- Poison Severity:
- Medium
- Poison Symptoms:
- Poisonous by ingestion, dermatitis, and eye injury. Symptoms may include painful irritation of lips, mouth, tongue, and throat after chewing; difficulty of speaking; nausea and diarrhea, vomiting, delirium, and death. People with a tendency to rheumatism, arthritis, gout, kidney stones, and hyperacidity should be especially cautious.
- Poison Toxic Principle:
- Calcium oxalate crystals
- Causes Contact Dermatitis:
- Yes
- Poison Part:
- Bark
- Flowers
- Fruits
- Leaves
- Roots
- Seeds
- Stems