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Lactuca

Common Name(s):

Phonetic Spelling
lak-TOO-kuh
Description

Lactuca is a genus of wild and domesticated lettuce species, an annual in the Asteraceae family and native to various parts of the world, including sections of the United States and Canada. Several species of lettuce (L. floridana and L. sativa) are common in nurseries and landscapes and are very similar to sowthistle (Sonchus spp.). These species are annuals that prefer cool weather planting, but may also germinate in the spring or summer in irrigated nursery crops or landscapes. L. sativa, in particular, is a domesticated species familiar to home gardeners and includes the romaine, butter head, iceberg, and loose leaf lettuce types.The genus name comes from the Latin word lac meaning milk in obvious reference to the milky plant sap.

Lettuce is best grown in moist to wet soils in part shade to full shade, although some species such as L. sativa prefer full sun. The plants require constant moisture. They will remain in the wild by self-seeding and to control the spread of the plant, you should avoid letting plants go to seed.

Seedlings form a rosette of waxy leaves with variable, lobed leaf margins. Wild lettuce leaves are similar to sowthistle leaves but lack prickles on leaf margins. Depending on the species, plants can mature to 1 to 4 feet in height. In warm weather, plants can bolt and some species may reach 8 feet in height. Some species produce insignificant flowers that are pale yellow and form on branched heads. The seed head is similar to a dandelion but smaller.

Diseases, Insect Pests, and Other Plant Problems:

No serious insect or disease problems. Issues may include downy mildew, powdery mildew, shot hole, bottom rot, septoria leaf spot, Botrytis and wilt. Potential insect pests include aphids, snails, slugs, leafminers and whiteflies. Mosiac virus may appear.

See this plant in the following landscape:
Cultivars / Varieties:
L. floridana, L. sativa
Tags:
#winter annual weed#vegetable#edible leaves#annual weed#edible#weed
 
Cultivars / Varieties:
L. floridana, L. sativa
Tags:
#winter annual weed#vegetable#edible leaves#annual weed#edible#weed
  • Attributes:
    Genus:
    Lactuca
    Family:
    Asteraceae
    Life Cycle:
    Annual
    Biennial
    Recommended Propagation Strategy:
    Seed
    Country Or Region Of Origin:
    Asia-Tropical, Europe, Africa, North and South America
    Edibility:
    L. sativa is the most common, edible lettuce species.
  • Whole Plant Traits:
    Plant Type:
    Annual
    Weed
    Growth Rate:
    Rapid
    Maintenance:
    High
    Medium
  • Cultural Conditions:
    Light:
    Dappled Sunlight (Shade through upper canopy all day)
    Full sun (6 or more hours of direct sunlight a day)
    Partial Shade (Direct sunlight only part of the day, 2-6 hours)
    Soil Drainage:
    Moist
    Occasionally Wet
    USDA Plant Hardiness Zone:
    2a, 2b, 3a, 3b, 4a, 4b, 5a, 5b, 6a, 6b, 7a, 7b, 8a, 8b, 9a, 9b, 10a, 10b, 11a, 11b
  • Fruit:
    Fruit Type:
    Achene
    Fruit Description:
    Flowers give way to flattened short-beaked achenes with white fluffy bristles (pappus) that aids wind and water dispersal.
  • Flowers:
    Flower Color:
    Blue
    White
    Flower Inflorescence:
    Panicle
    Flower Size:
    < 1 inch
    Flower Description:
    Loose panicle of 11-17 flowers (each to 1/2” across) featuring small, petal-like, pale blue (sometimes close to white) rays with no center disks.
  • Leaves:
    Leaf Type:
    Compound (Pinnately , Bipinnately, Palmately)
    Leaf Shape:
    Lanceolate
    Leaf Margin:
    Lobed
    Serrate
    Hairs Present:
    No
    Leaf Length:
    3-6 inches
    Leaf Width:
    3-6 inches
    Leaf Description:
    Deeply-lobed, pinnately veined, lanceolate to triangular, dandelion-like, basal leaves (to 3 to 10 inches long and 1 to 4 inches wide) have pointed tips, toothed margins and tapered bases.
  • Stem:
    Stem Is Aromatic:
    No
    Stem Description:
    Leafy purplish stems to 7’ tall rise from the basal clump in spring topped by large branching inflorescences of flowers.
  • Landscape:
    Landscape Location:
    Small Space
    Landscape Theme:
    Edible Garden
    Problems:
    Weedy